{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200178872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad51958.2021.9643529","title":"MORE<sup>2</sup>: Morphable Encryption and Encoding for Secure NVM","display_name":"MORE<sup>2</sup>: Morphable Encryption and Encoding for Secure NVM","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200178872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad51958.2021.9643529"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccad51958.2021.9643529","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad51958.2021.9643529","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608354","display_name":"2021 IEEE/ACM International Conference On Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE/ACM International Conference On Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091638734","display_name":"Wei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2765-498X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057421680","display_name":"Dan Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4674-6006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088998781","display_name":"Yu Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7730-3796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101579426","display_name":"Wei Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8834-4953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065959266","display_name":"Jingning Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2680-7422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingning Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101631214","display_name":"Jie Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-9216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409235","display_name":"Chunyan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3014-3363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunyan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005139682","display_name":"Gaoxiang Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaoxiang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058073627","display_name":"Yiran Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1486-8412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiran Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091638734"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9278,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66534653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.9114609956741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7185389995574951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/40-bit-encryption","display_name":"40-bit encryption","score":0.6289446353912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-the-fly-encryption","display_name":"On-the-fly encryption","score":0.5317871570587158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-encryption","display_name":"Multiple encryption","score":0.5305160880088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/56-bit-encryption","display_name":"56-bit encryption","score":0.5237277150154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.4707990884780884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filesystem-level-encryption","display_name":"Filesystem-level encryption","score":0.455182284116745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4444844722747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3317042589187622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.29170507192611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13970959186553955}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.9114609956741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7185389995574951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158215988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4637271","display_name":"40-bit encryption","level":3,"score":0.6289446353912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147977885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117010","display_name":"On-the-fly encryption","level":3,"score":0.5317871570587158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184685986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505167","display_name":"Multiple encryption","level":3,"score":0.5305160880088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46905813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4640678","display_name":"56-bit encryption","level":4,"score":0.5237277150154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.4707990884780884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18319499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5448402","display_name":"Filesystem-level encryption","level":4,"score":0.455182284116745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4444844722747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3317042589187622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.29170507192611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13970959186553955}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccad51958.2021.9643529","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad51958.2021.9643529","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608354","display_name":"2021 IEEE/ACM International Conference On Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE/ACM International Conference On Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5032600686","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61832007,61821003,61772222,U1705261","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35708471","https://openalex.org/W2036853599","https://openalex.org/W2047427636","https://openalex.org/W2048588974","https://openalex.org/W2082070657","https://openalex.org/W2114919995","https://openalex.org/W2114972738","https://openalex.org/W2147657366","https://openalex.org/W2149627879","https://openalex.org/W2151396176","https://openalex.org/W2162752393","https://openalex.org/W2204664557","https://openalex.org/W2318200297","https://openalex.org/W2405325665","https://openalex.org/W2483531633","https://openalex.org/W2508363794","https://openalex.org/W2769084511","https://openalex.org/W2903617882","https://openalex.org/W2949302312","https://openalex.org/W2951094271","https://openalex.org/W2998915116","https://openalex.org/W3042219225","https://openalex.org/W3186132525","https://openalex.org/W4230432120","https://openalex.org/W4233509008","https://openalex.org/W4244889001"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2387840805","https://openalex.org/W2111426419","https://openalex.org/W2361619969","https://openalex.org/W2188276378","https://openalex.org/W2915067502","https://openalex.org/W4205100462","https://openalex.org/W2396533199","https://openalex.org/W3143289714","https://openalex.org/W2188413349","https://openalex.org/W2349646200"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Memory":[0],"encryption":[1,29,46,136,154],"can":[2,61,151],"enhance":[3],"the":[4,14,34,57,63,75,80,95,118,135,142,153,156,167,175,190,206,216,222,230,238],"security":[5],"of":[6,65,137,159,209],"Non-volatile":[7],"memories":[8],"(NVMs),":[9],"but":[10],"it":[11],"significantly":[12],"increases":[13],"data":[15,76],"bits":[16],"written":[17],"to":[18,22,32,36,106,116,133,173,193],"NVMs":[19],"and":[20,25,50,52,78,98,121,140,228],"leads":[21],"severe":[23],"lifetime":[24],"performance":[26,224],"degradation.":[27],"Current":[28],"techniques":[30,60],"aim":[31],"reduce":[33,62,117],"re-encryption":[35,120],"many":[37,53,85],"existing":[38],"clean":[39,123,138,180],"words,":[40,82],"which":[41],"unfortunately":[42],"suffer":[43],"from":[44,155],"high":[45,195],"overheads":[47],"(i.e.":[48],"latency":[49,218],"energy)":[51],"unnecessary":[54],"writes.":[55],"In":[56,90],"meantime,":[58],"compression":[59],"writes":[64],"encrypted":[66,210],"NVM.":[67,89,160],"However,":[68],"we":[69,93],"find":[70],"that":[71,144,200],"they":[72],"may":[73],"destroy":[74],"patterns":[77],"increase":[79],"modified":[81,176],"resulting":[83],"in":[84,87],"encryptions":[86],"secure":[88],"this":[91],"paper,":[92],"propose":[94],"MORphable":[96,111],"Encryption":[97,112],"Encoding":[99,170],"(MORE":[100],"<sup":[101,163,183,202],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[102,164,184,203],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[103,165,185,204],")":[104],"scheme":[105,132,172],"address":[107],"these":[108],"problems.":[109],"Our":[110],"(MORE)":[113],"technique":[114],"aims":[115],"full-line":[119],"avoid":[122,134],"line":[124,191],"encryption.":[125],"Besides,":[126],"MORE":[127,150,162,182,201],"proposes":[128,166],"a":[129],"prediction-based":[130],"write":[131,231],"lines,":[139],"pre-encrypt":[141],"lines":[143],"are":[145],"predicted":[146],"as":[147],"dirty.":[148],"Therefore,":[149],"remove":[152],"critical":[157],"path":[158],"Furthermore,":[161],"Morphable":[168],"Selective":[169],"(MSE)":[171],"compress":[174],"words":[177],"while":[178],"preserving":[179],"words.":[181],"encrypts":[186],"all":[187],"metadata":[188],"with":[189,237],"counter":[192],"guarantee":[194],"security.":[196],"Experimental":[197],"results":[198],"show":[199],"reduces":[205,229],"bit":[207],"flips":[208],"NVM":[211],"by":[212,219,225,233],"53.5":[213],"%,":[214,227],"decreases":[215],"access":[217],"27.32%,":[220],"improves":[221],"IPC":[223],"12.1":[226],"energy":[232],"29.1":[234],"%":[235],"compared":[236],"state-of-the-art":[239],"design.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-23T08:51:43.019350","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}