{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2998187558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad45719.2019.8942072","title":"A PVT-robust Customized 4T Embedded DRAM Cell Array for Accelerating Binary Neural Networks","display_name":"A PVT-robust Customized 4T Embedded DRAM Cell Array for Accelerating Binary Neural Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2998187558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad45719.2019.8942072","mag":"2998187558"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccad45719.2019.8942072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad45719.2019.8942072","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073278616","display_name":"Hyein Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0382-4032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hyein Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013362846","display_name":"Jaehyeong Sim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8722-8486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaehyeong Sim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101658839","display_name":"Daewoong Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0197-1565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daewoong Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052390471","display_name":"Lee\u2010Sup Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9585-4591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee-Sup Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073278616"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4769,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66674027,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.779803454875946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6709075570106506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.6195665597915649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.42704713344573975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.37916553020477295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.779803454875946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6709075570106506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.6195665597915649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.42704713344573975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.37916553020477295}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccad45719.2019.8942072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad45719.2019.8942072","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1799366690","https://openalex.org/W1951216520","https://openalex.org/W1993597884","https://openalex.org/W2056154967","https://openalex.org/W2093647425","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2161091390","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2266701264","https://openalex.org/W2300242332","https://openalex.org/W2384495648","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2625468380","https://openalex.org/W2742566056","https://openalex.org/W2766489088","https://openalex.org/W2782511028","https://openalex.org/W2790511620","https://openalex.org/W2790556218","https://openalex.org/W2792607576","https://openalex.org/W2809579658","https://openalex.org/W2899771611","https://openalex.org/W2899803112","https://openalex.org/W2900164285","https://openalex.org/W2963547822","https://openalex.org/W2964242827","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W4236986999","https://openalex.org/W6693721977","https://openalex.org/W6698200048","https://openalex.org/W6729788942","https://openalex.org/W6756040250","https://openalex.org/W7018628422"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357461155","https://openalex.org/W1540125283","https://openalex.org/W2384129116","https://openalex.org/W2354251581","https://openalex.org/W2535177002","https://openalex.org/W2766721049","https://openalex.org/W3145924829","https://openalex.org/W2353647904","https://openalex.org/W3152267458","https://openalex.org/W2087937280"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"neural":[1,34],"networks":[2],"(DNNs)":[3],"are":[4,50,59],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"for":[7,57,93],"real-world":[8,80],"applications.":[9],"However,":[10,53],"large":[11],"amount":[12],"of":[13,30,110,122,164],"kernel":[14],"and":[15,37,161],"intermediate":[16],"data":[17],"incur":[18],"a":[19,31,38,89,96,113,128,138,158],"memory":[20],"wall":[21],"problem":[22],"in":[23,68,79,112,153],"resource-limited":[24],"edge":[25,81],"devices.":[26,82],"The":[27],"recent":[28],"advances":[29],"binary":[32],"deep":[33],"network":[35],"(BNN)":[36],"computing":[39],"in-memory":[40],"(CIM)":[41],"have":[42],"effectively":[43],"alleviated":[44],"this":[45,85],"bottleneck":[46],"especially":[47],"when":[48],"they":[49],"combined":[51],"together.":[52],"previous":[54,168],"CIM-based":[55,169],"accelerators":[56],"BNN":[58,94,111],"highly":[60],"vulnerable":[61],"to":[62,76],"process/supply":[63],"voltage/temperature":[64],"(PVT)":[65],"variation,":[66],"resulting":[67],"severe":[69],"accuracy":[70,160],"degradation":[71],"which":[72,156],"makes":[73],"them":[74],"impractical":[75],"be":[77],"employed":[78],"To":[83],"address":[84],"vulnerability,":[86],"we":[87,105],"propose":[88],"PVT-robust":[90,129],"accelerator":[91],"architecture":[92,148],"with":[95,137],"computable":[97,139],"4T":[98,140],"embedded":[99],"DRAM":[100],"(eDRAM)":[101],"cell":[102,142],"array.":[103,143],"First,":[104],"implement":[106],"the":[107,118,123,146],"XNOR":[108],"operation":[109,121],"time-multiplexed":[114],"manner":[115],"by":[116],"utilizing":[117],"fundamental":[119],"read":[120],"conventional":[124],"eDRAM":[125,141],"cell.":[126],"Next,":[127],"bit-count":[130],"based":[131],"on":[132],"charge":[133],"sharing":[134],"is":[135],"proposed":[136,147],"In":[144],"result,":[145],"achieves":[149],"6.9\u00d7":[150],"less":[151],"variation":[152],"PVT-variant":[154],"environments":[155],"guarantees":[157],"stable":[159],"2.03-49.4\u00d7":[162],"improvement":[163],"energy":[165],"efficiency":[166],"over":[167],"accelerators.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}