{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2953349036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad45719.2019.8942047","title":"Is Robust Design-for-Security Robust Enough? Attack on Locked Circuits with Restricted Scan Chain Access","display_name":"Is Robust Design-for-Security Robust Enough? Attack on Locked Circuits with Restricted Scan Chain Access","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2953349036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad45719.2019.8942047","mag":"2953349036"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccad45719.2019.8942047","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad45719.2019.8942047","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.07806","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024862466","display_name":"Nimisha Limaye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1504-2575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nimisha Limaye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tandon School of Engineering, New York University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tandon School of Engineering, New York University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101970784","display_name":"Abhrajit Sengupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5491-6714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhrajit Sengupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tandon School of Engineering, New York University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tandon School of Engineering, New York University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110703612","display_name":"Mohammed Nabeel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Nabeel","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","New York University, Abu Dhabi, UAE#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, Abu Dhabi, UAE#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059987567","display_name":"Ozgur Sinanoglu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0782-0397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102475099","display_name":"Sup\u00e9lec","ror":"https://ror.org/00n7gwn90","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102475099"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15196421","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland","ror":"https://ror.org/05ep8g269","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15196421"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102264","display_name":"Shandong University of Political Science and Law","ror":"https://ror.org/01b2j5886","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["CH","CN","FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ozgur Sinanoglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","New York University<sup>**</sup>"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University<sup>**</sup>","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102475099","https://openalex.org/I15196421","https://openalex.org/I4210102264"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6772786974906921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.665030837059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scan-chain","display_name":"Scan chain","score":0.6421204209327698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5740620493888855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-security-module","display_name":"Hardware security module","score":0.5508109927177429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5473957657814026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5117270946502686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.45337599515914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.33794546127319336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.33083003759384155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.24117332696914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.15341633558273315}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6772786974906921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.665030837059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150012182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225990","display_name":"Scan chain","level":3,"score":0.6421204209327698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5740620493888855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.5508109927177429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5473957657814026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5117270946502686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.45337599515914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.33794546127319336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.33083003759384155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.24117332696914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.15341633558273315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccad45719.2019.8942047","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad45719.2019.8942047","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1906.07806","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1906.07806","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.07806","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2953349036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.07806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1906.07806","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1906.07806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1906.07806","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1906.07806","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.07806","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2953349036.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2953349036.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63082618","https://openalex.org/W1524250393","https://openalex.org/W2064541558","https://openalex.org/W2067276029","https://openalex.org/W2093439000","https://openalex.org/W2095410905","https://openalex.org/W2346502084","https://openalex.org/W2419784917","https://openalex.org/W2615010670","https://openalex.org/W2626492933","https://openalex.org/W2708742051","https://openalex.org/W2741711485","https://openalex.org/W2747980214","https://openalex.org/W2766393343","https://openalex.org/W2769905020","https://openalex.org/W2771405182","https://openalex.org/W2772235844","https://openalex.org/W2782827709","https://openalex.org/W2783410260","https://openalex.org/W2790282160","https://openalex.org/W2791567389","https://openalex.org/W2806992466","https://openalex.org/W2899848879","https://openalex.org/W2902639362","https://openalex.org/W2910438749","https://openalex.org/W2914332722","https://openalex.org/W2922269119","https://openalex.org/W2946592689","https://openalex.org/W2951325841","https://openalex.org/W3106433382","https://openalex.org/W4254690223","https://openalex.org/W6756783469","https://openalex.org/W6757041163","https://openalex.org/W6762804746"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2996950687","https://openalex.org/W3035954314","https://openalex.org/W3139374995","https://openalex.org/W2741711485","https://openalex.org/W3184419963","https://openalex.org/W2055377709","https://openalex.org/W2025669099","https://openalex.org/W3120136042","https://openalex.org/W2995767700","https://openalex.org/W3008907581","https://openalex.org/W3135565260","https://openalex.org/W3117152020","https://openalex.org/W16422951","https://openalex.org/W2775625212","https://openalex.org/W3036833198","https://openalex.org/W2056778557","https://openalex.org/W1496265857","https://openalex.org/W3092382228","https://openalex.org/W3159316518","https://openalex.org/W2810685556"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"security":[1,79],"of":[2,75,95,101],"logic":[3,140],"locking":[4,141],"has":[5],"been":[6],"called":[7],"into":[8],"question":[9],"by":[10,67,87,125],"various":[11],"attacks,":[12,120],"especially":[13],"a":[14,25,31,82,123],"Boolean":[15],"satisfiability":[16],"(SAT)":[17],"based":[18],"attack,":[19],"that":[20,53],"exploits":[21],"scan":[22,42,56,76],"access":[23],"in":[24,59,111],"working":[26],"chip.":[27],"Among":[28],"other":[29,51,118],"techniques,":[30],"robust":[32,89,131,153],"design-for-security":[33],"(DFS)":[34],"architecture":[35,91],"was":[36],"presented":[37],"to":[38,129],"restrict":[39],"any":[40,50],"unauthorized":[41],"access,":[43],"thereby,":[44],"thwarting":[45],"the":[46,69,73,88,93,102,130,134,152],"SAT":[47],"attack":[48,52],"(or":[49],"relies":[54],"on":[55,81,98,145],"access).":[57],"Nevertheless,":[58],"this":[60,65,116],"work,":[61],"we":[62,121],"successfully":[63],"break":[64],"technique":[66],"recovering":[68],"secret":[70],"key":[71,103],"despite":[72],"lack":[74],"access.":[77],"Our":[78],"analysis":[80],"few":[83],"benchmark":[84],"circuits":[85],"protected":[86],"DFS":[90,132,154],"demonstrates":[92],"effectiveness":[94],"our":[96],"attack;":[97],"average":[99],"~95%":[100],"bits":[104],"are":[105],"correctly":[106],"recovered,":[107],"and":[108,117,157],"almost":[109],"100%":[110],"most":[112],"cases.":[113],"To":[114],"overcome":[115],"prevailing":[119],"propose":[122],"defense":[124,136],"making":[126],"fundamental":[127],"changes":[128],"technique;":[133],"new":[135],"can":[137],"withstand":[138],"all":[139],"attacks.":[142],"We":[143],"observe,":[144],"average,":[146],"lower":[147],"area":[148],"overhead":[149],"(~1.65%)":[150],"than":[151],"design":[155],"(~5.15%),":[156],"similar":[158],"test":[159],"coverage":[160],"(~99.88%).":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
