{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4249396650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad.2013.6691109","title":"PROTON: An automatic place-and-route tool for optical Networks-on-Chip","display_name":"PROTON: An automatic place-and-route tool for optical Networks-on-Chip","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4249396650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad.2013.6691109"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccad.2013.6691109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad.2013.6691109","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062111817","display_name":"Anja M. Boos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2533-5563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anja Boos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electronic Design Automation, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electronic Design Automation, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044730358","display_name":"Luca Ramini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","display_name":"University of Ferrara","ror":"https://ror.org/041zkgm14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Ramini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, University of Ferrara"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, University of Ferrara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017567485","display_name":"Ulf Schlichtmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4431-7619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulf Schlichtmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electronic Design Automation, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electronic Design Automation, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011268330","display_name":"Davide Bertozzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7462-4551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","display_name":"University of Ferrara","ror":"https://ror.org/041zkgm14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Bertozzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, University of Ferrara"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, University of Ferrara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8371,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91957595,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"138","last_page":"145"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.8343310356140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7542049884796143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7314815521240234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.6767899394035339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-design","display_name":"Physical design","score":0.5146540403366089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-space-exploration","display_name":"Design space exploration","score":0.510228157043457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.47473984956741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4655056595802307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.43302029371261597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.4156422019004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3998629152774811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2854427695274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.24779418110847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1513691544532776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circuit-design","display_name":"Circuit design","score":0.14051800966262817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1299252212047577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09694087505340576}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.8343310356140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7542049884796143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7314815521240234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.6767899394035339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188817802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13426855","display_name":"Physical design","level":3,"score":0.5146540403366089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776221188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21072556","display_name":"Design space exploration","level":2,"score":0.510228157043457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.47473984956741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4655056595802307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.43302029371261597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.4156422019004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3998629152774811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2854427695274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.24779418110847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1513691544532776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190560348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3245116","display_name":"Circuit design","level":2,"score":0.14051800966262817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1299252212047577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09694087505340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccad.2013.6691109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad.2013.6691109","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009188026","https://openalex.org/W2012683031","https://openalex.org/W2038723486","https://openalex.org/W2046486991","https://openalex.org/W2075621462","https://openalex.org/W2079861845","https://openalex.org/W2101193087","https://openalex.org/W2108082686","https://openalex.org/W2113636689","https://openalex.org/W2123871098","https://openalex.org/W2132456420","https://openalex.org/W2135296375","https://openalex.org/W2150564601","https://openalex.org/W2153580689","https://openalex.org/W2166110215","https://openalex.org/W3140062895","https://openalex.org/W3150685302","https://openalex.org/W6793601454"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2132668926","https://openalex.org/W4387251174","https://openalex.org/W2163105316","https://openalex.org/W2186482337","https://openalex.org/W2547355295","https://openalex.org/W2159053194","https://openalex.org/W2059199163","https://openalex.org/W2113738958","https://openalex.org/W4318224776","https://openalex.org/W2293017319"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optical":[0],"Networks-on-Chip":[1],"(ONoCs)":[2],"are":[3],"considered":[4],"a":[5,62,94,177],"promising":[6,161],"way":[7],"of":[8,30,70,78,83,102,113,146,176,215,220],"improving":[9],"power":[10],"and":[11,18,45,76,100,148,164,173,198,201],"bandwidth":[12],"limitations":[13],"in":[14,34,48,109,191],"next":[15],"generation":[16],"multi-":[17],"many-core":[19],"integrated":[20],"systems.":[21],"Today,":[22],"most":[23,160],"related":[24],"research":[25],"acknowledges":[26],"the":[27,31,43,49,68,111,144,159,171,192,195,213,216,232],"key":[28],"role":[29],"physical":[32,54,125,167,217],"layer":[33],"assessing":[35],"ONoC":[36,103,221],"topologies":[37,163,197,222],"(e.g.,":[38],"insertion":[39,204],"loss),":[40],"but":[41],"overlooks":[42],"placement":[44,75,99,145,172],"routing":[46,77,101,174],"stage":[47],"design":[50,55,114,168,218],"process,":[51],"hence":[52],"applying":[53],"considerations":[56],"to":[57,67,87,123,156,209],"topology":[58,120],"logic":[59,121,137],"schemes.":[60],"Such":[61],"mismatch":[63],"is":[64,86,129,223],"fundamentally":[65],"due":[66],"lack":[69],"mature":[71],"CAD":[72],"tools":[73],"for":[74,97,132,194],"optical":[79],"NoCs.":[80],"The":[81],"objective":[82],"this":[84,89,151],"work":[85,157],"bridge":[88],"gap:":[90],"We":[91,181],"propose":[92],"PROTON,":[93],"fast":[95],"tool":[96],"automatic":[98],"topologies,":[104],"which":[105],"can":[106],"support":[107],"designers":[108],"quantifying":[110],"degradation":[112],"quality":[115],"metrics":[116],"when":[117],"moving":[118],"from":[119],"schemes":[122,138],"their":[124,166,228],"implementation.":[126],"This":[127],"gap":[128],"especially":[130],"relevant":[131],"Wavelength-Routed":[133],"ONoCs":[134],"(WRONoCs),":[135],"where":[136],"typically":[139],"make":[140],"unrealistic":[141],"assumptions":[142],"about":[143],"initiators":[147],"targets.":[149],"For":[150],"reason,":[152],"we":[153],"put":[154],"PROTON":[155,212],"with":[158,187],"WRONoC":[162],"explore":[165],"space":[169,219],"given":[170],"constraints":[175],"3D":[178],"stacked":[179],"system.":[180],"also":[182],"compare":[183],"automatically":[184],"generated":[185],"layouts":[186],"handcrafted":[188],"ones":[189],"reported":[190],"literature":[193],"same":[196],"target":[199],"system,":[200],"prove":[202],"an":[203],"loss":[205],"improvement":[206],"by":[207],"up":[208],"150x.":[210],"With":[211],"exploration":[214],"possible":[224],"as":[225,227],"well":[226],"scalability":[229],"analysis":[230],"considering":[231],"layout.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}