{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4237357144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad.2013.6691090","title":"CD-ECC: Content-dependent error correction codes for combating asymmetric nonvolatile memory operation errors","display_name":"CD-ECC: Content-dependent error correction codes for combating asymmetric nonvolatile memory operation errors","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4237357144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad.2013.6691090"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccad.2013.6691090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad.2013.6691090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608415","display_name":"2013 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067226050","display_name":"Wujie Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0011-0675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wujie Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005196528","display_name":"Mengjie Mao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengjie Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112494616","display_name":"Xiaochun Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaochun Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm Incorporated, San Diego, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm Incorporated, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103061707","display_name":"Seung H. Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4270-9918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung H. Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm Incorporated, San Diego, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm Incorporated, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003409994","display_name":"Danghui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2783-9987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danghui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, CHINA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058073627","display_name":"Yiran Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1486-8412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiran Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067226050"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.8918,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98013865,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7660386562347412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.7164098620414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6089401841163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5294952988624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamming-code","display_name":"Hamming code","score":0.5222799777984619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.50730961561203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.49706748127937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4774535298347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamming-distance","display_name":"Hamming distance","score":0.47612863779067993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4733086824417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.46696263551712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.44765129685401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.40847331285476685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.25162309408187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12656930088996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.09557086229324341}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7660386562347412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.7164098620414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6089401841163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5294952988624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73150493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853922","display_name":"Hamming code","level":4,"score":0.5222799777984619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.50730961561203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.49706748127937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4774535298347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193319292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272172","display_name":"Hamming distance","level":2,"score":0.47612863779067993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4733086824417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.46696263551712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.44765129685401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.40847331285476685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.25162309408187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12656930088996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.09557086229324341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccad.2013.6691090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad.2013.6691090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608415","display_name":"2013 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57693835","https://openalex.org/W1976146176","https://openalex.org/W2001641336","https://openalex.org/W2010202670","https://openalex.org/W2012025286","https://openalex.org/W2021708499","https://openalex.org/W2025474944","https://openalex.org/W2038893948","https://openalex.org/W2058578697","https://openalex.org/W2075769654","https://openalex.org/W2080019739","https://openalex.org/W2084007230","https://openalex.org/W2106738517","https://openalex.org/W2108453702","https://openalex.org/W2116826022","https://openalex.org/W2120246901","https://openalex.org/W2163363194","https://openalex.org/W3146904821","https://openalex.org/W3150611138","https://openalex.org/W6602366969","https://openalex.org/W6644188864"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057936276","https://openalex.org/W2158654969","https://openalex.org/W2100498051","https://openalex.org/W3082157671","https://openalex.org/W2035852005","https://openalex.org/W2790690968","https://openalex.org/W3189668333","https://openalex.org/W4310895593","https://openalex.org/W2320229147","https://openalex.org/W2377034824"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"write":[1,10,38,66,74,145],"operation":[2],"asymmetry":[3],"of":[4,45,50],"many":[5],"memory":[6,81],"technologies":[7],"causes":[8],"different":[9,42,119],"failure":[11],"rates":[12],"at":[13,100],"0":[14,19,51,56],"\u21921":[15,52],"and":[16,110,155],"1":[17,54],"\u2192":[18,55],"bit-flipping's.":[20],"Conventional":[21],"error":[22,98],"correction":[23,99],"codes":[24],"(ECCs)":[25],"spend":[26],"the":[27,48,72,116,129,143],"same":[28],"efforts":[29],"on":[30,159],"both":[31,101],"bit-flipping":[32,43,102,120],"directions,":[33],"leading":[34],"to":[35,70,95,128],"very":[36,156],"unbalanced":[37],"reliability":[39,146],"enchantment":[40],"over":[41],"distributions":[44],"codewords":[46,117],"(i.e.,":[47],"number":[49],"or":[53],"bit-flipping's).":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59],"work,":[60],"we":[61],"developed":[62],"an":[63],"analytic":[64],"asymmetric":[65,73],"channel":[67],"(AWC)":[68],"model":[69],"analyze":[71],"errors":[75],"in":[76,134],"spin-transfer":[77],"torque":[78],"random":[79],"access":[80],"(STT-RAM)":[82],"designs.":[83],"A":[84],"new":[85],"ECC":[86,91,131],"design":[87],"concept,":[88],"namely,":[89],"content-dependent":[90],"(CD-ECC),":[92],"is":[93],"proposed":[94],"achieve":[96],"balanced":[97],"directions.":[103],"Two":[104],"CD-ECC":[105],"schemes":[106,132],"-":[107,149],"typical-corner-ECC":[108],"(TCE)":[109],"worst-corner-ECC":[111],"(WCE),":[112],"are":[113],"designed":[114],"for":[115],"with":[118,151],"distributions.":[121],"Our":[122],"simulation":[123],"results":[124],"show":[125],"that":[126],"compared":[127],"common":[130],"utilized":[133],"embedded":[135],"applications":[136],"like":[137],"Hamming":[138],"code,":[139],"CD-ECCs":[140],"can":[141],"improve":[142],"STT-RAM":[144],"by":[147],"10":[148],"30x":[150],"low":[152],"hardware":[153],"overhead":[154],"marginal":[157],"impact":[158],"system":[160],"performance.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-01-11T23:08:45.486102","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}