{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3143577886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad.2011.6105369","title":"Device-architecture co-optimization of STT-RAM based memory for low power embedded systems","display_name":"Device-architecture co-optimization of STT-RAM based memory for low power embedded systems","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3143577886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad.2011.6105369","mag":"3143577886"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccad.2011.6105369","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad.2011.6105369","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101777596","display_name":"Cong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-2605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068606980","display_name":"Dimin Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8440-3875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimin Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112494616","display_name":"Xiaochun Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaochun Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, USA","Emerging Memory Technology Group, Qualcomm Incorporated, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emerging Memory Technology Group, Qualcomm Incorporated, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103061707","display_name":"Seung H. Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4270-9918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung H. Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, USA","Emerging Memory Technology Group, Qualcomm Incorporated, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emerging Memory Technology Group, Qualcomm Incorporated, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111977864","display_name":"Matt Nowak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matt Nowak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, USA","Emerging Memory Technology Group, Qualcomm Incorporated, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emerging Memory Technology Group, Qualcomm Incorporated, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100385336","display_name":"Yuan Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2093-1788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8339,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91715758,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"463","last_page":"470"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.635909378528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5830937027931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5205365419387817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4840673506259918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-power-electronics","display_name":"Low-power electronics","score":0.48151883482933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-architecture","display_name":"Memory architecture","score":0.47823256254196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-management","display_name":"Memory management","score":0.4702623784542084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.44614213705062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access-memory","display_name":"Random access memory","score":0.4342579245567322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-low-power","display_name":"Ultra low power","score":0.41167065501213074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.34412437677383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3095630407333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.25567930936813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-memory","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","score":0.2555333971977234}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.635909378528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5830937027931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5205365419387817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4840673506259918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117551214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6692774","display_name":"Low-power electronics","level":4,"score":0.48151883482933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779602883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15544750","display_name":"Memory architecture","level":2,"score":0.47823256254196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176649486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308807","display_name":"Memory management","level":3,"score":0.4702623784542084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.44614213705062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994168587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5295","display_name":"Random access memory","level":2,"score":0.4342579245567322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017773396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6692774","display_name":"Ultra low power","level":4,"score":0.41167065501213074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.34412437677383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3095630407333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.25567930936813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.2555333971977234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccad.2011.6105369","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad.2011.6105369","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-133561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-133561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686420892","https://openalex.org/W1972070513","https://openalex.org/W1975904824","https://openalex.org/W1988646820","https://openalex.org/W2001129790","https://openalex.org/W2019828116","https://openalex.org/W2024149498","https://openalex.org/W2040579068","https://openalex.org/W2042076387","https://openalex.org/W2069345435","https://openalex.org/W2069368591","https://openalex.org/W2086077121","https://openalex.org/W2087549254","https://openalex.org/W2096470311","https://openalex.org/W2096800126","https://openalex.org/W2102255233","https://openalex.org/W2104500100","https://openalex.org/W2108453702","https://openalex.org/W2109879402","https://openalex.org/W2118870365","https://openalex.org/W2142571770","https://openalex.org/W2148831941","https://openalex.org/W2155551886","https://openalex.org/W2156728623","https://openalex.org/W2168972302","https://openalex.org/W2543205889","https://openalex.org/W2988548453","https://openalex.org/W3144954235","https://openalex.org/W6637151178","https://openalex.org/W6675347859","https://openalex.org/W6683132901","https://openalex.org/W6770684277"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978757412","https://openalex.org/W2086031905","https://openalex.org/W1997145140","https://openalex.org/W2350294831","https://openalex.org/W1579905825","https://openalex.org/W2008437460","https://openalex.org/W4304699827","https://openalex.org/W2132940544","https://openalex.org/W1994399127","https://openalex.org/W2985708074"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spin-transfer":[0],"torque":[1],"random":[2],"access":[3],"memory":[4,12,179],"(STT-RAM)":[5],"is":[6,45,51,124],"a":[7,64],"fast,":[8],"scalable,":[9],"durable":[10],"non-volatile":[11],"which":[13,133],"can":[14,171],"be":[15],"embedded":[16,184],"into":[17],"standard":[18],"CMOS":[19],"process.":[20],"A":[21],"wide":[22],"range":[23],"of":[24,39,49,92,129,141],"write":[25,56,77,80,87,90,114,130,136,139,148],"speeds":[26],"from":[27],"1ns":[28],"to":[29,54,66],"100ns":[30],"have":[31],"been":[32],"reported":[33],"for":[34,69],"STT-RAM.":[35],"The":[36,146,160],"switching":[37],"current":[38,88],"magnetic":[40],"tunnel":[41],"junction":[42],"(MTJ)":[43],"(which":[44],"the":[46,55,84,96,135,168],"storage":[47],"element":[48],"STT-RAM)":[50],"inversely":[52],"proportional":[53],"pulse":[57,115,131,149],"width.":[58,159],"In":[59],"this":[60],"work,":[61],"we":[62],"propose":[63],"methodology":[65],"design":[67],"STT-RAM":[68,142,155,170],"different":[70],"optimization":[71,107],"goals":[72],"such":[73],"as":[74,105,177],"read":[75,119],"performance,":[76],"performance":[78],"and":[79,89,100,121,157,175],"energy":[81,137],"by":[82,165],"leveraging":[83],"trade-off":[85],"between":[86],"time":[91],"MTJ.":[93],"We":[94],"take":[95],"typical":[97],"in-plane":[98],"MTJ":[99,103,153],"advanced":[101],"perpendicular":[102],"(PMTJ)":[104],"our":[106],"targets.":[108],"Our":[109],"study":[110],"shows":[111],"that":[112,126,164],"reducing":[113],"width":[116,132,150],"will":[117],"harm":[118],"latency":[120,140],"energy.":[122],"It":[123],"observed":[125],"\u201csweet":[127],"spots\u201d":[128],"minimize":[134],"or":[138],"caches":[143],"may":[144],"exist.":[145],"optimal":[147],"depends":[151],"on":[152],"specifications,":[154],"capacity":[156],"I/O":[158],"simulation":[161],"results":[162],"indicate":[163],"utilizing":[166],"PMTJ,":[167],"optimized":[169],"compete":[172],"against":[173],"SRAM":[174],"DRAM":[176],"universal":[178],"replacement":[180],"in":[181],"low":[182],"power":[183],"systems.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
