{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414539229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161997","title":"Efficient RIS Calibration and Beamforming with Discrete Phase States","display_name":"Efficient RIS Calibration and Beamforming with Discrete Phase States","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414539229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161997"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161997","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2025 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119739814","display_name":"Nicholas Borda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Borda","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,Los Angeles"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,Los Angeles","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033823067","display_name":"Benjamin W. Domae","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin W. Domae","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,Los Angeles"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,Los Angeles","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111494174","display_name":"David Browne","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David W. Browne","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008128583","display_name":"Danijela \u010cabri\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5967-2683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danijela Cabric","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,Los Angeles"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,Los Angeles","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5119739814"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26932157,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"6826","last_page":"6831"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.9577000141143799,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.9577000141143799,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.6998999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.5508999824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.49239999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.45089998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absolute-phase","display_name":"Absolute phase","score":0.36730000376701355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.6998999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5629000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.5508999824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.49239999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4724999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.46059998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.45089998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776521118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4669823","display_name":"Absolute phase","level":3,"score":0.36730000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9936470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510405","display_name":"Least-squares function approximation","level":3,"score":0.3603000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3580999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.35409998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.3402999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.336899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.3334999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161997","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2025 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconfigurable":[0],"intelligent":[1],"surfaces":[2],"(RISs)":[3],"are":[4,64,189],"a":[5,12,20,59,81,102,133,170,183,212],"promising":[6],"candidate":[7],"to":[8,16,27,41,66,112,137,154,174,191],"extend":[9],"coverage":[10],"in":[11,19],"cellular":[13],"network,":[14],"or":[15],"mitigate":[17],"eavesdropping":[18],"physical":[21],"layer":[22],"security":[23],"system.":[24,123],"Their":[25],"ability":[26],"improve":[28],"propagation":[29],"boasts":[30],"many":[31],"benefits":[32,45],"from":[33,217],"augmenting":[34],"multiple":[35,37],"input":[36],"output":[38],"(MIMO)":[39],"systems":[40],"interference":[42],"suppression.":[43],"These":[44,187],"cannot":[46],"be":[47,126],"fully":[48],"realized":[49],"if":[50],"the":[51,76,205],"RIS's":[52,60],"hardware":[53,114],"degrades":[54],"over":[55],"time.":[56],"Because":[57],"of":[58],"inexpensive":[61],"design,":[62],"they":[63],"susceptible":[65],"random":[67,157],"component":[68],"degradation":[69],"affecting":[70],"all":[71,87,163],"phase":[72,88,158,164],"shifters,":[73],"ultimately":[74],"reducing":[75],"array's":[77],"performance.":[78],"This":[79,124],"necessitates":[80],"calibration":[82,103,144,167,184],"method":[83,104,150,153,168],"that":[84,95,105,180,210],"can":[85,106,125],"estimate":[86],"and":[89,92,131,151,159],"amplitude":[90,160],"states":[91],"produce":[93],"beamformers":[94,179],"account":[96],"for":[97],"these":[98,108,156],"deviations.":[99],"We":[100,146],"develop":[101],"meet":[107],"needs":[109],"by":[110,177],"adapting":[111],"imperfect":[113],"while":[115],"achieving":[116],"higher":[117],"beamforming":[118,152,197],"gain":[119],"than":[120,141],"an":[121,148,218],"uncalibrated":[122],"done":[127],"with":[128],"fewer":[129],"measurements":[130,176,188],"at":[132],"lower":[134],"measurement":[135],"signal":[136],"noise":[138],"ratio":[139],"(SNR)":[140],"other":[142],"naive":[143],"techniques.":[145],"propose":[147],"estimation":[149],"address":[155],"impairments":[161],"across":[162],"shifters.":[165],"The":[166],"uses":[169],"base":[171],"station":[172],"(BS)":[173],"take":[175],"designing":[178],"point":[181],"towards":[182],"source":[185],"(CS).":[186],"used":[190],"perform":[192],"least":[193,214],"squares":[194,215],"estimation.":[195],"A":[196],"algorithm":[198],"then":[199],"designs":[200],"quality":[201],"directional":[202],"beamformers,":[203],"using":[204],"estimated":[206],"discrete":[207],"weights":[208],"alphabet,":[209],"have":[211],"small":[213],"distance":[216],"SNR":[219],"maximizing":[220],"continuous":[221],"beamformer.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}