{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414540049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161981","title":"A NAT Network Host Probing Method Through NTP Traffic Analysis","display_name":"A NAT Network Host Probing Method Through NTP Traffic Analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414540049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161981"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161981","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2025 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005263970","display_name":"Dengfeng Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9354-1540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dengfeng Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,Anhui,China,230027"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,Anhui,China,230027","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102766517","display_name":"Yan Zhuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5449-024X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China,Network and Information Center,Hefei,Anhui,China,230026"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China,Network and Information Center,Hefei,Anhui,China,230026","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004027189","display_name":"Lutong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6044-9457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lutong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,Anhui,China,230027"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,Anhui,China,230027","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014927773","display_name":"Xuanbo Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuanbo Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,Anhui,China,230027"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,Anhui,China,230027","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051118924","display_name":"H. Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huanjie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China,Network and Information Center,Hefei,Anhui,China,230026"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China,Network and Information Center,Hefei,Anhui,China,230026","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100688242","display_name":"Kaiping Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2095-7523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiping Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,Anhui,China,230027"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,Anhui,China,230027","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005263970"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7613,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77799694,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10651","display_name":"IPv6, Mobility, Handover, Networks, Security","score":0.9605000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10651","display_name":"IPv6, Mobility, Handover, Networks, Security","score":0.9605000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.949400007724762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9437999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host","display_name":"Host (biology)","score":0.6177999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polling","display_name":"Polling","score":0.5575000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-analysis","display_name":"Traffic analysis","score":0.5120999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.49470001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4733000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-address-translation","display_name":"Network address translation","score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4043000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-generation-model","display_name":"Traffic generation model","score":0.3781999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nat-traversal","display_name":"NAT traversal","score":0.36059999465942383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6754999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126831891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6177999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.580299973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204854418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362921","display_name":"Polling","level":2,"score":0.5575000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781317605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832483","display_name":"Traffic analysis","level":2,"score":0.5120999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.49470001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4733000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147873670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11182","display_name":"Network address translation","level":4,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4043000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176715033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2080768","display_name":"Traffic generation model","level":2,"score":0.3781999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113707754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581558","display_name":"NAT traversal","level":5,"score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114563136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19725982","display_name":"Network planning and design","level":2,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182516595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376660","display_name":"Nat","level":2,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178148046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217491","display_name":"Network Time Protocol","level":3,"score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779664074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518405","display_name":"Terminal (telecommunication)","level":2,"score":0.3197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776599810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4418000","display_name":"Network address","level":2,"score":0.30410000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81877898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1965787","display_name":"Network monitoring","level":2,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32946077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618079","display_name":"Network analysis","level":2,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46451311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q262550","display_name":"Traffic shaping","level":4,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13540734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318996","display_name":"Dynamic network analysis","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12269588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132364","display_name":"Communications protocol","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139940560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290036","display_name":"Network simulation","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161981","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2025 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982812298","https://openalex.org/W2022816339","https://openalex.org/W2024393197","https://openalex.org/W2560631726","https://openalex.org/W2950767885","https://openalex.org/W2960741711","https://openalex.org/W2963532960","https://openalex.org/W2989013751","https://openalex.org/W3007016253","https://openalex.org/W3007562398","https://openalex.org/W3015990833","https://openalex.org/W3045795781","https://openalex.org/W4205597850","https://openalex.org/W4226055875","https://openalex.org/W4367046757","https://openalex.org/W4385522495","https://openalex.org/W4388858184"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0,28,96],"probing":[1,26,48,87,172],"serves":[2],"as":[3],"a":[4,59,85,176,181],"potent":[5],"technique":[6],"in":[7,61,174],"network":[8,25,63,163,171,183],"security":[9],"protection,":[10],"enabling":[11],"the":[12,45,56,103,110,114,125,130,133,137,149,153,157],"effective":[13],"identification":[14],"of":[15,159],"dangerous":[16],"devices":[17],"and":[18,76,106,122,147,162,180,200],"potential":[19],"threats.":[20],"This":[21],"paper":[22],"focuses":[23],"on":[24,95,129],"against":[27],"Address":[29],"Translation":[30],"(NAT)":[31],"hidden":[32],"networks,":[33],"especially":[34],"for":[35,91],"campus":[36],"or":[37],"public":[38,62],"networks.":[39],"However,":[40],"it":[41,186],"is":[42],"noted":[43],"that":[44,194],"traditional":[46],"active":[47],"techniques":[49,68],"usually":[50],"need":[51],"to":[52,144,152,155],"inject":[53],"probes":[54],"into":[55,140],"network,":[57],"posing":[58],"challenge":[60],"scenarios.":[64],"Moreover,":[65],"current":[66],"passive":[67],"cannot":[69],"achieve":[70,156],"high":[71],"accuracy,":[72],"low":[73],"computational":[74],"resources,":[75],"real-time":[77],"requirements":[78],"simultaneously.":[79],"To":[80],"this":[81],"end,":[82],"we":[83,166],"design":[84],"host":[86,160],"system":[88],"named":[89],"Hostprober":[90,111,134],"NAT":[92],"networks":[93],"based":[94],"Time":[97],"Protocol":[98],"(NTP)":[99],"traffic":[100,116,139,141,151],"analysis.":[101],"Leveraging":[102],"widely":[104],"used":[105],"featured":[107],"NTP":[108,115,138,150],"traffic,":[109],"can":[112,135],"identify":[113],"fingerprints":[117],"by":[118],"normalizing":[119],"polling":[120],"intervals":[121],"dynamically":[123],"adjusting":[124],"time":[126],"window.":[127],"Based":[128],"captured":[131],"fingerprints,":[132],"reorganize":[136],"sets":[142],"corresponding":[143],"different":[145],"hosts,":[146],"match":[148],"models":[154],"purpose":[158],"detection":[161],"probing.":[164],"Furthermore,":[165],"evaluate":[167],"our":[168,195],"proposed":[169],"internal":[170],"method":[173],"both":[175],"controlled":[177],"virtual":[178],"environment":[179],"real":[182],"environment,":[184],"comparing":[185],"with":[187],"other":[188,202],"baselines.":[189],"The":[190],"evaluation":[191],"results":[192],"show":[193],"approach":[196],"demonstrates":[197],"good":[198],"accuracy":[199],"outperforms":[201],"comparison":[203],"methods.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
