{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414538377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161975","title":"Age of Information in LEO Satellite Communications Supported by BD-RIS","display_name":"Age of Information in LEO Satellite Communications Supported by BD-RIS","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414538377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161975"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161975","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2025 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/66539","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078312436","display_name":"Hosein Zarini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4049-3997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96749437","display_name":"Texas A&M University \u2013 Corpus Christi","ror":"https://ror.org/01mrfdz82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96749437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hosein Zarini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University,Corpus Christi,TX,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University,Corpus Christi,TX,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96749437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067912538","display_name":"S. Kazemi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5120-0698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96749437","display_name":"Texas A&M University \u2013 Corpus Christi","ror":"https://ror.org/01mrfdz82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96749437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seyed Mohsen Kazemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University,Corpus Christi,TX,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University,Corpus Christi,TX,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96749437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076587013","display_name":"Mehdi Sookhak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5822-3432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96749437","display_name":"Texas A&M University \u2013 Corpus Christi","ror":"https://ror.org/01mrfdz82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96749437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Sookhak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University,Corpus Christi,TX,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University,Corpus Christi,TX,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96749437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038607553","display_name":"Elif Uysal\u2010Biyikoglu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7258-4872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201799495","display_name":"Middle East Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/014weej12","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elif Uysal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Middle East Technical University,Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Middle East Technical University,Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016154330","display_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-0001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg,Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg,Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078312436"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96749437"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32312189,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.968500018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9510999917984009,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7437999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.5875999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.5823000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5536999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.5062999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.49540001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.4205000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagonal","display_name":"Diagonal","score":0.3564999997615814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7437999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6190999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.5875999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.5823000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5536999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.5062999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.49540001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.43209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.4205000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130367717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189791","display_name":"Diagonal","level":2,"score":0.3564999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.3528999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111852164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414679","display_name":"Handover","level":2,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.30869999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018325918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663611","display_name":"Low earth orbit","level":3,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984634286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331926","display_name":"Decision process","level":2,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781051052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889737","display_name":"Ground segment","level":3,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94137725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509342","display_name":"Link budget","level":3,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989135121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349167","display_name":"Ground station","level":3,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986254709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209588","display_name":"Satellite broadcasting","level":3,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150325174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4335500","display_name":"Optimal decision","level":3,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.25699999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161975","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2025 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/66539","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/66539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2025 - IEEE International Conference on Communications (2025-09-26); ICC 2025 - IEEE International Conference on Communications, Montreal, Can [Can], 08-06-2025 => 12-06-2025","raw_type":"peer reviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://open.metu.edu.tr:11511/116273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11511/116273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402495","display_name":"OpenMETU (Middle East Technical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I201799495","host_organization_name":"Middle East Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2025","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/66539","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/66539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2025 - IEEE International Conference on Communications (2025-09-26); ICC 2025 - IEEE International Conference on Communications, Montreal, Can [Can], 08-06-2025 => 12-06-2025","raw_type":"peer reviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"focuses":[2],"on":[3],"downlink":[4,68],"transmissions":[5],"of":[6,30,37,41,54,62,120,123],"a":[7,15,96,106],"low":[8],"earth":[9],"orbit":[10],"(LEO)":[11],"satellite,":[12,130],"assisted":[13],"by":[14,65],"beyond":[16],"diagonal":[17],"reconfigurable":[18],"intelligent":[19],"surface":[20],"(BD-RIS)":[21],"to":[22,85,113,153,162],"serve":[23],"ground":[24,46,63,124],"terminals.":[25,47],"Toward":[26],"optimizing":[27,66],"the":[28,35,38,51,55,60,67,72,79,93,115,121,140],"performance":[29],"this":[31,131],"system,":[32],"we":[33,91,138],"formulate":[34],"minimization":[36],"average":[39,175],"age":[40],"information":[42],"(AoI)":[43],"achieved":[44],"at":[45,71,78],"Our":[48],"formulation":[49],"respects":[50],"power":[52,70],"budget":[53],"LEO":[56,73,129],"satellite":[57,74],"and":[58,75,88,151,164,172],"guarantees":[59],"quality-of-service":[61],"terminals":[64,125],"transmit":[69],"reflection":[76],"coefficients":[77],"BD-RIS":[80],"as":[81,95,126,128],"decision":[82,98,116],"variables.":[83,117],"Owing":[84],"its":[86,103,149],"non-convex":[87],"tightly-coupled":[89],"nature,":[90],"reformulate":[92],"problem":[94],"Markov":[97],"process":[99],"which":[100,147],"effectively":[101],"captures":[102],"dynamics.":[104],"Next,":[105],"Q-learning":[107],"propagation":[108],"(Q-Prop)":[109],"agent":[110],"is":[111,134],"trained":[112,141],"optimize":[114],"In":[118],"light":[119],"mobility":[122],"well":[127],"communication":[132],"system":[133,154],"highly":[135],"dynamic.":[136],"Therefore,":[137],"enhance":[139],"Q-Prop":[142],"model":[143],"with":[144],"meta-learning":[145],"strategy,":[146],"augments":[148],"adaptability":[150],"generalization":[152],"variances.":[155],"Numerical":[156],"results":[157],"indicate":[158],"that,":[159],"in":[160],"comparison":[161],"RIS-lacking":[163],"RIS-assisted":[165],"counterparts,":[166],"our":[167],"optimised":[168],"solution":[169],"achieves":[170],"38%":[171],"26%":[173],"lower":[174],"AoI,":[176],"respectively.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}