{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414538746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161925","title":"Towards Energy-Efficient Holographic MIMO Communications via Stacked Metasurface-Assisted Semantic Beamforming","display_name":"Towards Energy-Efficient Holographic MIMO Communications via Stacked Metasurface-Assisted Semantic Beamforming","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414538746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161925"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161925","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161925","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2025 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075553304","display_name":"Yifu Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4924-9387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sixty-third Research Institute, National University of Defense Technology,Nanjing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sixty-third Research Institute, National University of Defense Technology,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100760215","display_name":"Zhi Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1894-3055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology,Hefei,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology,Hefei,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458459","display_name":"Haijun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3686-6346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haijun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037879539","display_name":"Haotong Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8916-8093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haotong Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603588","display_name":"Kang An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4720-0635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang An","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sixty-third Research Institute, National University of Defense Technology,Nanjing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sixty-third Research Institute, National University of Defense Technology,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101634633","display_name":"Feng Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8116-9681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081018704","display_name":"Naofal Al\u2010Dhahir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9894-8382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naofal Al\u2013Dhahir","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Dallas,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Richardson,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Dallas,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Richardson,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029002143","display_name":"Jiangzhou Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-3594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangzhou Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Sciences and Engineering, Southeast University,Nanjing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Sciences and Engineering, Southeast University,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"01","last_page":"07"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.6216999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6194000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4684999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.46239998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degrees-of-freedom","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","score":0.4530999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coordinate-descent","display_name":"Coordinate descent","score":0.4453999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.42419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4090000092983246}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6414999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.6216999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6194000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4684999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.46239998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C208081375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274502","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4530999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157553263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5168004","display_name":"Coordinate descent","level":2,"score":0.4453999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.42419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4025999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195956108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268362","display_name":"Quadratic growth","level":2,"score":0.4007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3953999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3772999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.3732999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.352400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110157686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922122","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","level":2,"score":0.3472000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32295351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899288","display_name":"Multicast","level":2,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.3057999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161925","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161925","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2025 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2596005034","https://openalex.org/W2614889182","https://openalex.org/W2788350651","https://openalex.org/W2946889564","https://openalex.org/W2962785465","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2974107276","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2995330189","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W3036851434","https://openalex.org/W3039093196","https://openalex.org/W3044867770","https://openalex.org/W3048090405","https://openalex.org/W3100368766","https://openalex.org/W3166791908","https://openalex.org/W3200312993","https://openalex.org/W4214923099","https://openalex.org/W4225009676","https://openalex.org/W4225765847","https://openalex.org/W4285217437","https://openalex.org/W4312051582","https://openalex.org/W4312749753","https://openalex.org/W4381785979","https://openalex.org/W4388269241","https://openalex.org/W4396604696","https://openalex.org/W4402474682","https://openalex.org/W4406611018"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aiming":[0],"to":[1,99,118,140],"circumvent":[2],"the":[3,23,87,101,120,130,141],"low":[4,66,124],"energy":[5,54],"efficiency":[6],"(EE)":[7],"dilemma":[8],"of":[9,18,25,49,86,134],"multiple-input":[10],"multiple-output":[11],"(MIMO)":[12],"systems":[13],"induced":[14],"by":[15],"employing":[16],"hundreds":[17],"antennas,":[19],"this":[20,73],"paper":[21],"investigates":[22],"potentials":[24],"stacked":[26],"metasurface":[27],"(SM)":[28],"and":[29,52,69,90,103,111],"semantic":[30,79,97,136],"communications":[31,37],"(SemCom)":[32],"for":[33],"achieving":[34],"energy-efficient":[35],"holographic":[36],"in":[38,84],"MIMO":[39,143],"systems.":[40,144],"Specifically,":[41],"SM":[42],"enables":[43],"hybrid":[44],"beamforming":[45,137],"with":[46,65,123],"increased":[47],"degrees":[48],"freedom":[50],"(DoFs)":[51],"reduced":[53],"consumption,":[55],"while":[56],"SemCom":[57],"transmits":[58],"dramatically":[59],"compressed":[60],"key":[61],"informantion":[62],"that":[63],"comes":[64],"power":[67],"consumption":[68],"high":[70],"EE.":[71],"To":[72],"end,":[74],"we":[75],"formulate":[76],"a":[77,96],"worstcase":[78],"EE":[80,132],"(Sem-EE)":[81],"maximization":[82],"problem":[83],"terms":[85],"transmit":[88],"beamformer":[89],"SM's":[91],"phase":[92],"shifts.":[93],"By":[94],"proposing":[95],"majorization-minimization":[98],"handle":[100],"fractional":[102],"quasi-convex":[104],"Sem-EE":[105],"form,":[106],"quadratically":[107],"constrained":[108],"quadratic":[109],"programs":[110],"cyclic":[112],"coordinate":[113],"descent":[114],"can":[115],"be":[116],"exploited":[117],"solve":[119],"optimization":[121],"variables":[122],"computational":[125],"complexity.":[126],"Numerical":[127],"simulations":[128],"demonstrate":[129],"enhanced":[131],"performance":[133],"SMaided":[135],"scheme":[138],"compared":[139],"conventional":[142]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
