{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414538867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161808","title":"Aggregated Zero-Knowledge Proofs Toward Distributed Proof-of-Deep-Learning","display_name":"Aggregated Zero-Knowledge Proofs Toward Distributed Proof-of-Deep-Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414538867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161808"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161808","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2025 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103367373","display_name":"Yasushi Takahashi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283155146","display_name":"Panasonic (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/011tm7n37","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283155146"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasushi Takahashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Panasonic Holdings Corporation,Fukuoka,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Panasonic Holdings Corporation,Fukuoka,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283155146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020506149","display_name":"Naohisa Nishida","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283155146","display_name":"Panasonic (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/011tm7n37","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283155146"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naohisa Nishida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Panasonic Holdings Corporation,Fukuoka,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Panasonic Holdings Corporation,Fukuoka,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283155146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108621230","display_name":"Yuji Unagami","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283155146","display_name":"Panasonic (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/011tm7n37","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283155146"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuji Unagami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Panasonic Holdings Corporation,Fukuoka,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Panasonic Holdings Corporation,Fukuoka,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283155146"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048334268","display_name":"Naoto Yanai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0817-6188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283155146","display_name":"Panasonic (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/011tm7n37","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283155146"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naoto Yanai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Panasonic Holdings Corporation,Fukuoka,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Panasonic Holdings Corporation,Fukuoka,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283155146"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24935256,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"379","last_page":"385"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.902899980545044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.902899980545044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9028000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.8812000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6100999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","score":0.582099974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.40880000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.30559998750686646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.8812000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6100999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.582099974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.49160000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48820000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.451200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.40880000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24138899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141258","display_name":"Instance-based learning","level":3,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34585555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368723","display_name":"Learning curve","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161808","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2025 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970606468","https://openalex.org/W2113085788","https://openalex.org/W2955496405","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2994111940","https://openalex.org/W3030382486","https://openalex.org/W3106674001","https://openalex.org/W3123459983","https://openalex.org/W3126528290","https://openalex.org/W3213013974","https://openalex.org/W4376456966","https://openalex.org/W4388470814","https://openalex.org/W4391136507","https://openalex.org/W4394871781","https://openalex.org/W4394907743","https://openalex.org/W4399696900"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"recent":[1],"machine":[2,6],"learning":[3,45,50,63,165],"requires":[4],"huge":[5],"resources":[7],"and":[8,100,106],"is":[9,72],"often":[10],"hard":[11],"for":[12,24,93],"users":[13,90,160,180],"with":[14,56,139],"limited":[15,58],"resources.":[16],"Although":[17],"there":[18],"are":[19,22,82],"DPT,":[20],"these":[21],"unsuitable":[23],"a":[25,28,43,54,57,85,137,149,171],"situation":[26],"where":[27,78],"trained":[29],"model":[30,142],"should":[31],"be":[32],"unrevealed":[33],"from":[34],"other":[35],"users.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38],"paper,":[39],"we":[40,127,133,152],"first":[41],"propose":[42,153],"new":[44],"method,":[46],"aggregated":[47,75,83],"zero-knowledge":[48,76,80],"deep":[49],"(AZKDL),":[51],"whereby":[52],"even":[53,136],"user":[55],"resource":[59],"contributes":[60],"to":[61,73,109,130,163,170],"the":[62,104,107,111,140,146,154,164],"process":[64,166,173],"without":[65,114],"revealing":[66,115],"its":[67],"model.":[68],"Our":[69],"main":[70],"idea":[71],"utilize":[74],"proofs":[77,81,92,108],"individual":[79],"into":[84],"single":[86],"proof.":[87],"Loosely":[88],"speaking,":[89],"generate":[91],"their":[94],"training":[95],"of":[96,98,174],"parts":[97],"models":[99,105,113],"then":[101],"aggregate":[102],"both":[103],"verify":[110],"entire":[112],"them.":[116],"We":[117],"also":[118],"prove":[119],"that":[120,135,158],"AZKDL":[121,169],"can":[122,144,177],"detect":[123,178],"malicious":[124,179],"training.":[125],"When":[126],"conduct":[128],"experiments":[129],"evaluate":[131],"AZKDL,":[132],"identify":[134],"client":[138],"largest":[141],"parameters":[143],"finish":[145],"computation":[147],"within":[148],"second.":[150],"Furthermore,":[151],"distributed":[155],"proof-of-deep-learning":[156],"(DPoDL)":[157],"rewards":[159],"who":[161],"contribute":[162],"by":[167,181],"applying":[168],"mining":[172],"blockchains.":[175],"DPoDL":[176],"AZKDL.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
