{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414539079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161660","title":"Hybrid Beamforming with Joint Deep Reinforcement Learning and Unfolding Networks for Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems","display_name":"Hybrid Beamforming with Joint Deep Reinforcement Learning and Unfolding Networks for Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414539079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161660"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161660","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161660","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2025 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101419865","display_name":"Xiaobao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8343-7053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinlei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University,Fuzhou,Fujian,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University,Fuzhou,Fujian,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043893898","display_name":"Haifeng Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1999-1276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haifeng Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University,Fuzhou,Fujian,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University,Fuzhou,Fujian,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104191103","display_name":"Mengxuan Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengxuan Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University,Fuzhou,Fujian,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University,Fuzhou,Fujian,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077266416","display_name":"Xinxin Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-2280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinxin Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University,Fuzhou,Fujian,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University,Fuzhou,Fujian,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060894111","display_name":"Youjia Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6430-2003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youjia Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University,Fuzhou,Fujian,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University,Fuzhou,Fujian,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6972,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93852792,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4445","last_page":"4450"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9642999768257141,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9605000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5885999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.5576000213623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.5388000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5200999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.42879998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3783000111579895}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.694599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5885999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.5576000213623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.5388000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5200999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.487199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42879998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3783000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.35440000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.34929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.33820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988395205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Beam pattern","level":3,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778915421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3643177","display_name":"Performance improvement","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161660","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161660","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2025 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8461748486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6197113","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027711878","https://openalex.org/W2045840914","https://openalex.org/W3167193327","https://openalex.org/W3176104720","https://openalex.org/W3194620979","https://openalex.org/W4293370520","https://openalex.org/W4377015140","https://openalex.org/W4387870297","https://openalex.org/W4391468533","https://openalex.org/W4399526704"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"integrated":[1],"sensing":[2,76,140],"and":[3,23,37,53,75,87,101,110,141],"communication":[4,52,71,86,142],"(ISAC)":[5],"technology":[6],"has":[7],"gained":[8],"increasing":[9,20],"attention":[10],"in":[11,119,137,145],"recent":[12],"years":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,46,80,105],"its":[16],"excellent":[17],"performance":[18,50],"of":[19,34,51,70,139],"the":[21,31,49,68,107,115,127,134],"spectrum":[22],"hardware":[24],"efficiencies.":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27],"paper,":[28],"we":[29,94],"investigate":[30],"joint":[32,97],"optimization":[33],"beam":[35,108],"selection":[36,109],"digital":[38,111],"beamforming":[39,60,112,130],"for":[40],"a":[41,57,96,146],"millimeter-wave":[42],"(mmWave)":[43],"ISAC":[44,121,148],"system":[45],"simultaneously":[47],"improve":[48],"sensing.":[54,92],"We":[55],"propose":[56,95],"novel":[58],"hybrid":[59,129],"scheme":[61,131],"based":[62],"on":[63],"deep":[64,98],"learning":[65,100],"by":[66],"maximizing":[67],"sum":[69],"mutual":[72,77],"information":[73,78],"(CMI)":[74],"(SMI)":[79],"enable":[81],"multi-user":[82],"multiple-input":[83,88],"multiple-output":[84],"(MU-MIMO)":[85],"single-output":[89],"(MISO)":[90],"radar":[91],"Specially,":[93],"reinforcement":[99],"unfolding":[102],"network":[103],"(DRL-UN)":[104],"optimize":[106],"matrices":[113],"at":[114],"base":[116],"station":[117],"(BS)":[118],"an":[120],"system.":[122,149],"Simulation":[123],"results":[124],"demonstrate":[125],"that":[126],"proposed":[128],"significantly":[132],"outperforms":[133],"existing":[135],"algorithms":[136],"terms":[138],"(S&C)":[143],"sum-rate":[144],"mmWave":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}