{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414538864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161351","title":"A LEO Satellite Routing Method Based on Incremental Evolutionary Graph Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"A LEO Satellite Routing Method Based on Incremental Evolutionary Graph Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414538864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161351"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161351","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161351","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2025 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090130570","display_name":"Zheheng Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2913-7732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheheng Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102728521","display_name":"Zhenyu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1021-1074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027969322","display_name":"Wei Yang Bryan Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2150-5561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Yang Bryan Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014862300","display_name":"Ye Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7012-9307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009029522","display_name":"Yanyan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3357-249X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanyan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan University,State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan University,State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067716610","display_name":"Manabu Tsukada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-3939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manabu Tsukada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073957898","display_name":"Yanyu Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-9376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanyu Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.907,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94160487,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4701","last_page":"4706"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12288","display_name":"Optimization and Search Problems","score":0.935699999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12203","display_name":"Mobile Agent-Based Network Management","score":0.9056000113487244,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4812000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4172999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.39579999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.384799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.35679998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-routing","display_name":"Hierarchical routing","score":0.34389999508857727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7318000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5217000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4812000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4172999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.39579999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.384799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.35679998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177818476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12878103","display_name":"Hierarchical routing","level":5,"score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.3398999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188116033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2664563","display_name":"Q-learning","level":3,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.3255000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94600068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7371621","display_name":"Routing domain","level":5,"score":0.319599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123757187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9195957","display_name":"Network dynamics","level":2,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.31369999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9659607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268903","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","level":4,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13540734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318996","display_name":"Dynamic network analysis","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184896649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290066","display_name":"Routing table","level":4,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196423136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7209671","display_name":"Policy-based routing","level":5,"score":0.2551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196340769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698910","display_name":"Temporal difference learning","level":3,"score":0.25429999828338623}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161351","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161351","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2025 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1951898785","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24I05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326938","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4716868498","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB3902804,2022YFB3903404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5301642844","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LY24F020017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8345724800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42271431,42271425","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326938","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4283171586","https://openalex.org/W4285224822","https://openalex.org/W4322123863","https://openalex.org/W4378619368","https://openalex.org/W4385627079","https://openalex.org/W4390480758","https://openalex.org/W4390692374","https://openalex.org/W4402810503"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,26,118,149],"advent":[2],"of":[3,33],"sixth-generation":[4],"(6G)":[5],"technologies":[6],"and":[7,29,86,144],"growing":[8],"communication":[9],"demands,":[10],"Low":[11],"Earth":[12],"Orbit":[13],"(LEO)":[14],"satellite":[15,53],"networks":[16],"have":[17],"become":[18],"essential":[19],"in":[20,117],"modern":[21],"communications.":[22],"However,":[23],"due":[24],"to":[25,41],"dynamic":[27,120],"topology":[28],"complex":[30,83],"network":[31,66,132,139],"state":[32,67],"LEO":[34,52,121,131],"environments,":[35],"existing":[36],"routing":[37,54,115],"methods":[38],"often":[39],"fail":[40],"make":[42],"effective":[43],"decisions,":[44],"limiting":[45],"transmission":[46],"performance.":[47],"This":[48],"paper":[49],"proposes":[50],"a":[51,72],"method":[55],"based":[56],"on":[57],"incremental":[58,92],"evolutionary":[59],"graph":[60,78],"reinforcement":[61,98],"learning":[62,74,99],"(IEGRL).":[63],"To":[64],"address":[65],"perception":[68],"challenges,":[69],"we":[70,101],"introduce":[71],"topological":[73],"model":[75],"using":[76],"deep":[77,97],"attention":[79],"(DGA),":[80],"which":[81],"captures":[82],"inter-satellite":[84],"connectivity":[85],"resource":[87],"states.":[88],"Additionally,":[89],"by":[90,135],"integrating":[91],"evolution":[93],"strategies":[94],"(IES)":[95],"into":[96],"(DRL),":[100],"replace":[102],"sequential":[103],"interactive":[104],"proximal":[105],"policy":[106],"optimization":[107],"(PPO)":[108],"with":[109,148],"global":[110],"parallel":[111],"ES,":[112],"achieving":[113],"efficient":[114],"convergence":[116],"highly":[119],"environment.":[122],"Experimental":[123],"results":[124],"demonstrate":[125],"that":[126],"our":[127],"IEGRL":[128],"approach":[129],"enhances":[130],"load":[133],"balancing":[134],"reducing":[136],"end-to-end":[137],"(E2E)":[138],"latency,":[140],"decreasing":[141],"packet":[142],"loss,":[143],"improving":[145],"throughput":[146],"compared":[147],"benchmark":[150],"approaches.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}