{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414535387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11160885","title":"Enhancing Encrypted Internet Traffic Classification Through Advanced Data Augmentation Techniques","display_name":"Enhancing Encrypted Internet Traffic Classification Through Advanced Data Augmentation Techniques","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414535387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11160885"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc52391.2025.11160885","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11160885","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2025 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011066280","display_name":"Yehonatan Zion","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52170813","display_name":"Ariel University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nz8qe97","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yehonatan Zion","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ariel University,Ariel Cyber Innovation Center,Department of Computer Science,Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ariel University,Ariel Cyber Innovation Center,Department of Computer Science,Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093616257","display_name":"Porat Aharon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1493-7322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52170813","display_name":"Ariel University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nz8qe97","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Porat Aharon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ariel University,Ariel Cyber Innovation Center,Dept. of Computer and Software Eng.,Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ariel University,Ariel Cyber Innovation Center,Dept. of Computer and Software Eng.,Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027608715","display_name":"Ran Dubin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2055-2211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52170813","display_name":"Ariel University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nz8qe97","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ran Dubin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ariel University,Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Research Center,Department of Industrial Engineering and Management,Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ariel University,Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Research Center,Department of Industrial Engineering and Management,Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081239516","display_name":"Amit Dvir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3670-0784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52170813","display_name":"Ariel University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nz8qe97","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Dvir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ariel University,Ariel Cyber Innovation Center,Department of Computer Science,Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ariel University,Ariel Cyber Innovation Center,Department of Computer Science,Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023899502","display_name":"Chen Hajaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-5654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52170813","display_name":"Ariel University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nz8qe97","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Hajaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ariel University,Ariel Cyber Innovation Center,Dept. of Computer and Software Eng.,Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ariel University,Ariel Cyber Innovation Center,Dept. of Computer and Software Eng.,Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011066280"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.4993,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97451578,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.7103000283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6718999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upload","display_name":"Upload","score":0.640500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-traffic","display_name":"Internet traffic","score":0.5235000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5151000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usable","display_name":"USable","score":0.5109000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.46309998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.4390999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7526999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.7103000283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6718999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71901391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699","display_name":"Upload","level":2,"score":0.640500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63969886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3536440","display_name":"Internet traffic","level":3,"score":0.5235000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5151000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.5109000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.46309998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.4390999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3853999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.32589998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169988225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832484","display_name":"Traffic classification","level":3,"score":0.2989000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472399","display_name":"Internet access","level":3,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103048170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725485","display_name":"Rich Internet application","level":3,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.2540999948978424}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc52391.2025.11160885","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11160885","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2025 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2103018059","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2891570868","https://openalex.org/W3009850146","https://openalex.org/W3121886859","https://openalex.org/W3145680685","https://openalex.org/W3181596493","https://openalex.org/W4211242407","https://openalex.org/W4225646281","https://openalex.org/W4307020324","https://openalex.org/W4386875953"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,87],"increasing":[1],"popularity":[2],"of":[3,14,20,34,43,48,79,132,153,160,185,208],"online":[4],"services":[5],"has":[6],"made":[7],"Internet":[8,37,162],"Traffic":[9,163],"Classification":[10],"a":[11,84,126],"critical":[12],"field":[13],"study.":[15],"However,":[16],"the":[17,32,41,77,80,101,130,151,158],"rapid":[18],"development":[19],"internet":[21],"protocols":[22],"and":[23,46,68,125,139,145],"encryption":[24],"limits":[25],"usable":[26],"data":[27,61,154],"availability.":[28],"This":[29,178],"paper":[30],"addresses":[31],"challenges":[33,159],"classifying":[35,191],"encrypted":[36,174],"Traffic,":[38],"focusing":[39],"on":[40,63,120],"scarcity":[42],"open-source":[44],"datasets":[45,124],"limitations":[47],"existing":[49],"ones.":[50],"We":[51],"propose":[52],"two":[53,121],"Data":[54],"Augmentation":[55],"(DA)":[56],"techniques":[57,171],"to":[58,75,91,111],"synthetically":[59],"generate":[60],"based":[62],"real":[64],"samples:":[65],"Average":[66,88],"augmentation":[67,89,107,155,170],"MTU":[69],"augmentation.":[70],"Both":[71],"augmentations":[72],"are":[73],"aimed":[74],"improve":[76],"performance":[78,138],"classifier,":[81],"each":[82],"from":[83],"different":[85],"perspective:":[86],"aims":[90],"increase":[92],"dataset":[93],"size":[94],"by":[95,188],"generating":[96],"new":[97],"synthetic":[98],"samples,":[99],"while":[100],"<tex":[102],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[103],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$M":[104],"T":[105],"U$</tex>":[106],"enhances":[108],"classifier":[109],"robustness":[110],"varying":[112],"Maximum":[113],"Transmission":[114],"Units":[115],"(MTUs).":[116],"Our":[117,148],"experiments,":[118],"conducted":[119],"well-known":[122],"academic":[123],"commercial":[127],"dataset,":[128],"demonstrate":[129],"effectiveness":[131],"these":[133],"approaches":[134],"in":[135,156],"improving":[136],"model":[137],"mitigating":[140],"constraints":[141],"associated":[142],"with":[143],"limited":[144],"homogeneous":[146],"datasets.":[147],"findings":[149],"underscore":[150],"potential":[152],"addressing":[157],"modern":[161],"classification.":[164],"Specifically,":[165],"we":[166],"show":[167],"that":[168],"our":[169],"significantly":[172],"enhance":[173,206],"traffic":[175,192],"classification":[176],"models.":[177],"improvement":[179],"can":[180,205],"positively":[181],"impact":[182],"user":[183],"Quality":[184,207],"Experience":[186],"(QoE)":[187],"more":[189],"accurately":[190],"as":[193],"video":[194],"streaming":[195],"(e.g.,":[196,200,215],"YouTube)":[197],"or":[198],"chat":[199],"Google":[201,216],"Chat).":[202],"Additionally,":[203],"it":[204],"Service":[209],"(QoS)":[210],"for":[211],"file":[212],"downloading":[213],"activities":[214],"Docs).":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}