{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7084041321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11160863","title":"Wireless Knowledge Grounding in Smaller Llms Using Retrieval Augmented Generation and Fine-Tuning","display_name":"Wireless Knowledge Grounding in Smaller Llms Using Retrieval Augmented Generation and Fine-Tuning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7084041321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11160863"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc52391.2025.11160863","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11160863","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2025 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Andrew Neeser","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Neeser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Arlington,Department of Computer Science,VA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Arlington,Department of Computer Science,VA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Christo Kurisummoottil Thomas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24648388","display_name":"Bradley University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kmeaw70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24648388"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christo Kurisummoottil Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Arlington,Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,VA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Arlington,Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,VA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24648388"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shengzhe Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengzhe Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Arlington,Department of Computer Science,VA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Arlington,Department of Computer Science,VA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Naren Ramakrishnan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naren Ramakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Arlington,Department of Computer Science,VA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Arlington,Department of Computer Science,VA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Walid Saad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24648388","display_name":"Bradley University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kmeaw70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24648388"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walid Saad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Arlington,Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,VA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Arlington,Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,VA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24648388"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61983128,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1572","last_page":"1577"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10267","display_name":"Higher Education Research Studies","score":0.26190000772476196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10267","display_name":"Higher Education Research Studies","score":0.26190000772476196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.037300001829862595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14370","display_name":"Economic, Social, and Health Studies","score":0.030899999663233757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5285000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4278999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.3912000060081482}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5577999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5285000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4278999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.3912000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.28859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2614000141620636}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc52391.2025.11160863","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc52391.2025.11160863","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2025 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2949676527","https://openalex.org/W2963470220","https://openalex.org/W2970641574","https://openalex.org/W4224220194","https://openalex.org/W4400646216","https://openalex.org/W4405974780","https://openalex.org/W4412722283"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"LLMs":[1,28,112,115,153,189],"have":[2,162],"shown":[3],"tremendous":[4],"progress":[5],"in":[6,64,173,190],"broad":[7],"natural":[8],"language":[9],"processing":[10],"(NLP)":[11],"tasks,":[12],"their":[13,140],"application":[14],"to":[15,36,61,90,110,124,171],"solving":[16],"domain-specific":[17],"NLP":[18],"problems":[19],"(e.g.,":[20],"wireless)":[21],"has":[22],"been":[23],"understudied.":[24],"Existing":[25],"research":[26],"on":[27,75,139,154,184],"for":[29,43,97,151,175],"the":[30,92,104,122,148,180,186],"wireless":[31,44,76,98,177,191],"domain":[32],"is":[33,73,88,158],"mostly":[34],"limited":[35,163],"using":[37,50,193],"retrieval-augmented":[38],"generation":[39],"or":[40,119],"model":[41,83],"fine-tuning":[42,84,118],"question-and-answering":[45],"($\\mathrm{Q}":[46],"/":[47],"\\mathrm{A}$)":[48],"tasks":[49],"bigger":[51,135],"models":[52,126,136,195],"such":[53,70,196],"as":[54,71,197],"GPT,":[55],"Mixtral,":[56],"and":[57,85,113,129,137,165,168],"Llama.":[58],"In":[59],"contrast":[60],"state-of-the-art":[62,114],"models,":[63],"this":[65],"paper,":[66],"a":[67],"smaller":[68,194],"LLM":[69],"Phi2":[72],"evaluated":[74],"Q/A":[77,99],"tasks.":[78,100],"A":[79],"combination":[80],"of":[81,94,188],"RAG,":[82],"hyper-parameter":[86],"optimization":[87],"proposed":[89,105],"improve":[91],"accuracy":[93],"Phi":[95],"2":[96],"Experimental":[101],"results":[102,123],"demonstrate":[103],"method's":[106],"superior":[107],"performance":[108],"compared":[109],"vanilla":[111],"with":[116],"either":[117],"RAG.":[120],"Comparing":[121],"larger":[125],"like":[127],"Llama":[128],"Phi3":[130],"suggests":[131],"that":[132],"transitioning":[133],"towards":[134],"relying":[138],"extensive":[141],"knowledge":[142],"retrieval":[143],"capabilities":[144,167],"may":[145],"not":[146],"be":[147,183],"best":[149],"approach":[150],"deploying":[152],"edge":[155,160],"devices.":[156],"This":[157],"because":[159],"devices":[161],"computing":[164],"storage":[166],"are":[169],"expected":[170],"operate":[172],"real-time":[174],"future":[176],"applications.":[178],"Instead,":[179],"focus":[181],"should":[182],"improving":[185],"grounding":[187],"concepts":[192],"Phi2.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}