{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402157584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc51166.2024.10622212","title":"Photodiode Arrays Do Not Violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Photocurrent Bandwidth Trade-Off","display_name":"Photodiode Arrays Do Not Violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Photocurrent Bandwidth Trade-Off","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402157584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc51166.2024.10622212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc51166.2024.10622212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc51166.2024.10622212","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2024 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006392180","display_name":"Janis Sperga","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Janis Sperga","raw_affiliation_strings":["pureLiFi Ltd,Edinburgh,U.K.,EH6 6QH"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"pureLiFi Ltd,Edinburgh,U.K.,EH6 6QH","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081140465","display_name":"Mohamed Sufyan Islim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1074-8376"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Sufyan Islim","raw_affiliation_strings":["pureLiFi Ltd,Edinburgh,U.K.,EH6 6QH"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"pureLiFi Ltd,Edinburgh,U.K.,EH6 6QH","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077488611","display_name":"Rui Bian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-1725"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Bian","raw_affiliation_strings":["pureLiFi Ltd,Edinburgh,U.K.,EH6 6QH"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"pureLiFi Ltd,Edinburgh,U.K.,EH6 6QH","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062943101","display_name":"Giovanni Luca Martena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8694-2829"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Luca Martena","raw_affiliation_strings":["pureLiFi Ltd,Edinburgh,U.K.,EH6 6QH"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"pureLiFi Ltd,Edinburgh,U.K.,EH6 6QH","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074320996","display_name":"Harald Haas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9705-2701"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harald Haas","raw_affiliation_strings":["pureLiFi Ltd,Edinburgh,U.K.,EH6 6QH"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"pureLiFi Ltd,Edinburgh,U.K.,EH6 6QH","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006392180"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12325818,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2414","last_page":"2419"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photocurrent","display_name":"Photocurrent","score":0.7551360130310059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodiode","display_name":"Photodiode","score":0.6554908752441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.6210189461708069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.4154142737388611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.41374433040618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3780284821987152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36670535802841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3100195527076721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1435944139957428}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779845233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381567","display_name":"Photocurrent","level":2,"score":0.7551360130310059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C751236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175943","display_name":"Photodiode","level":2,"score":0.6554908752441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6210189461708069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.4154142737388611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.41374433040618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3780284821987152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36670535802841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3100195527076721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1435944139957428}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc51166.2024.10622212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc51166.2024.10622212","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2024 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055548259","https://openalex.org/W2071085741","https://openalex.org/W2294612870","https://openalex.org/W2531938265","https://openalex.org/W2580439651","https://openalex.org/W2586304830","https://openalex.org/W2780671913","https://openalex.org/W3131730145","https://openalex.org/W3173926265","https://openalex.org/W4312848192","https://openalex.org/W4315606041","https://openalex.org/W4387869764","https://openalex.org/W6810331682"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497389657","https://openalex.org/W1970775275","https://openalex.org/W2466372149","https://openalex.org/W2362545508","https://openalex.org/W2558661167","https://openalex.org/W1991087772","https://openalex.org/W2013245102","https://openalex.org/W1977514416","https://openalex.org/W4244240805","https://openalex.org/W1980709495"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Photodiode":[0],"(PD)":[1],"arrays":[2,27],"do":[3],"not":[4],"violate":[5],"the":[6,16,29,49,57,66,72,86,91,98,103,114,122,144,190,194],"second":[7,58],"law":[8,59],"of":[9,45,51,60,68,90,100,134,186,192],"thermodynamics.":[10],"In":[11],"this":[12,37,135,152,187],"paper,":[13],"we":[14,39],"explore":[15],"trade-off":[17,111,119,136,153,195],"between":[18],"PD":[19,24,70,123],"array":[20,73,92,104,124],"photo":[21],"current":[22],"and":[23,109,161],"size":[25,67,110],"when":[26,85,196],"with":[28,170,181],"same":[30],"geometrical":[31,87],"fill":[32,88],"factor":[33,89],"are":[34],"considered.":[35],"For":[36],"study,":[38],"assume":[40],"a":[41,76,139,171],"square":[42],"matrix":[43],"arrangement":[44],"PD.":[46],"We":[47],"apply":[48],"principles":[50],"energy":[52],"conservation":[53],"and,":[54],"by":[55],"extension,":[56],"thermodynamics":[61],"to":[62,113,129],"demonstrate":[63],"that":[64,121,151],"reducing":[65],"individual":[69],"in":[71,75,78,102],"results":[74,178],"decrease":[77,81],"photocurrent.":[79],"This":[80],"is":[82,105,126],"anticipated":[83],"even":[84,96,162],"remains":[93],"constant,":[94],"i.e.,":[95],"if":[97],"number":[99],"PDs":[101],"increased.":[106],"The":[107,118,132,184],"photocurrent":[108,115,125],"leads":[112],"bandwidth":[116],"trade-off.":[117],"indicates":[120],"inversely":[127],"proportional":[128],"its":[130],"bandwidth.":[131],"derivation":[133],"relation":[137],"assumes":[138],"uniform":[140,158],"irradiance":[141,159],"distribution":[142],"across":[143],"photodetector":[145],"array.":[146],"However,":[147],"our":[148],"findings":[149],"show":[150],"holds":[154],"true":[155],"for":[156,163,208],"nearly":[157],"distributions":[160],"non-uniform":[164],"distributions,":[165],"such":[166],"as":[167],"those":[168],"encountered":[169],"compound":[172],"parabolic":[173],"concentrator":[174],"(CPC).":[175],"Our":[176],"simulation":[177],"align":[179],"closely":[180],"theoretical":[182],"predictions.":[183],"implications":[185],"study":[188],"highlight":[189],"importance":[191],"considering":[193],"designing":[197],"optical":[198],"wireless":[199],"communication":[200,205],"(OWC)":[201],"or":[202],"visible":[203],"light":[204],"(VLC)":[206],"links":[207],"high":[209],"data":[210],"throughput.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-19T19:40:27.379048","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}