{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4298879523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9839280","title":"mmWave Communications for Indoor Dense Spaces: Ray-Tracing Based Channel Characterization and Performance Comparison","display_name":"mmWave Communications for Indoor Dense Spaces: Ray-Tracing Based Channel Characterization and Performance Comparison","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4298879523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9839280"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45855.2022.9839280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9839280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607711","display_name":"ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/2e0e6475-3289-4439-b542-87fdf8a464e0","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089647386","display_name":"Ozan Alp Topal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4640-7020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ozan Alp Topal","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Stockholm,Sweden","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Stockholm,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082853852","display_name":"Mustafa \u00d6zger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8517-7996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa Ozger","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Stockholm,Sweden","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Stockholm,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024984864","display_name":"Dominic Schupke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6562-7363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136903","display_name":"Airbus (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04a3akw68","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121748","https://openalex.org/I4210136903"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominic Schupke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Research and Technology,Airbus,Munich,Germany","Airbus, Central Research and Technology, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Research and Technology,Airbus,Munich,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136903"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Airbus, Central Research and Technology, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062293532","display_name":"Emil Bj\u00f6rnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-434X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emil Bjornson","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Stockholm,Sweden","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Stockholm,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044441880","display_name":"Cicek Cavdar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cicek Cavdar","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Stockholm,Sweden","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Stockholm,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4653,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96660464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"516","last_page":"521"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rician-fading","display_name":"Rician fading","score":0.866233229637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.7740249037742615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.7153224349021912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.6721177697181702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-spread","display_name":"Delay spread","score":0.672026515007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow-mapping","display_name":"Shadow mapping","score":0.6521221995353699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.6056122779846191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5977934002876282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.5333172082901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcell","display_name":"Microcell","score":0.5087438225746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4868318438529968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22717970609664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.1658821702003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14407601952552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.117338627576828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.11610734462738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.0989842414855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09791341423988342}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60472773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7331156","display_name":"Rician fading","level":4,"score":0.866233229637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.7740249037742615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.7153224349021912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6721177697181702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49456836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q666814","display_name":"Delay spread","level":4,"score":0.672026515007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116544410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478122","display_name":"Shadow mapping","level":2,"score":0.6521221995353699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.6056122779846191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5977934002876282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.5333172082901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158314712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1177092","display_name":"Microcell","level":2,"score":0.5087438225746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4868318438529968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22717970609664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1658821702003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14407601952552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.117338627576828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.11610734462738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0989842414855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09791341423988342}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45855.2022.9839280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9839280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607711","display_name":"ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/2e0e6475-3289-4439-b542-87fdf8a464e0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/2e0e6475-3289-4439-b542-87fdf8a464e0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Topal, O A, Ozger, M, Schupke, D, Bj\u00f6rnson, E & Cavdar, C 2022, mmWave Communications for Indoor Dense Spaces : Ray-Tracing Based Channel Characterization and Performance Comparison. in ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), I E E E International Conference on Communications, vol. 2022-May, pp. 516-521, 2022 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2022, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 16/05/2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC45855.2022.9839280","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/2e0e6475-3289-4439-b542-87fdf8a464e0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/2e0e6475-3289-4439-b542-87fdf8a464e0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Topal, O A, Ozger, M, Schupke, D, Bj\u00f6rnson, E & Cavdar, C 2022, mmWave Communications for Indoor Dense Spaces : Ray-Tracing Based Channel Characterization and Performance Comparison. in ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), I E E E International Conference on Communications, vol. 2022-May, pp. 516-521, 2022 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2022, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 16/05/2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC45855.2022.9839280","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1912918041","https://openalex.org/W2094655360","https://openalex.org/W2096183784","https://openalex.org/W2100309072","https://openalex.org/W2145417574","https://openalex.org/W2160350351","https://openalex.org/W2219770862","https://openalex.org/W2548165358","https://openalex.org/W2743961836","https://openalex.org/W2808650566","https://openalex.org/W2897498565","https://openalex.org/W2924071423","https://openalex.org/W2980543130","https://openalex.org/W3041623291","https://openalex.org/W6729158060"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2050950555","https://openalex.org/W2625022555","https://openalex.org/W4388222944","https://openalex.org/W3207594166","https://openalex.org/W4315489071","https://openalex.org/W2155861027","https://openalex.org/W1978366802","https://openalex.org/W4256491499","https://openalex.org/W2002940312","https://openalex.org/W2584225919"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"the":[3,69,77,84,88,108],"indoor":[4,27,110],"dense":[5],"space":[6],"(IDS)":[7],"channel":[8,86,111],"at":[9],"28":[10],"GHz":[11],"is":[12],"characterized":[13],"through":[14],"extensive":[15],"Ray-Tracing":[16],"(RT)":[17],"simulations.":[18],"We":[19],"consider":[20],"IDS":[21],"as":[22,37],"a":[23],"specific":[24],"type":[25],"of":[26,61,68],"environment":[28],"with":[29,34],"confined":[30],"geometry":[31],"and":[32,40,73],"packed":[33],"humans,":[35],"such":[36],"aircraft":[38],"cabins":[39],"train":[41],"wagons.":[42],"Based":[43],"on":[44],"RT":[45,65],"simulations,":[46],"we":[47],"characterize":[48],"path":[49],"loss,":[50],"shadow":[51],"fading,":[52],"root-mean-square":[53],"delay":[54],"spread,":[55],"Rician":[56],"K-factor,":[57],"azimuth/elevation":[58],"angular":[59],"spread":[60],"arrival/departure":[62],"considering":[63],"different":[64],"simulation":[66],"scenarios":[67],"fuselage":[70],"geometry,":[71],"material,":[72],"human":[74],"presence.":[75],"While":[76],"large-scale":[78],"fading":[79,90],"parameters":[80,91],"are":[81],"similar":[82],"to":[83,107],"state-of-the-art":[85],"models,":[87],"small-scale":[89],"demonstrate":[92],"richer":[93],"multipath":[94],"scattering":[95],"in":[96,99,105],"IDS,":[97],"resulting":[98],"poorer":[100],"bit":[101],"error":[102],"rate":[103],"performance":[104],"comparison":[106],"3GPP":[109],"model.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}