{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4290996519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9839235","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning for Energy-Efficient Power Control in Heterogeneous Networks","display_name":"Deep Reinforcement Learning for Energy-Efficient Power Control in Heterogeneous Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4290996519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9839235"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45855.2022.9839235","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9839235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607711","display_name":"ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041103345","display_name":"Jianhao Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3584-9368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianhao Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033820730","display_name":"Jiabao Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1446-2703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiabao Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351954","display_name":"Lin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3889-492X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037292846","display_name":"Ming Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5407-0835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)","School of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041103345"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6051,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8217783,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"141","last_page":"146"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8657698631286621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7809191942214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.7419843077659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.7287575006484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-network","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","score":0.6775171160697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.6457506418228149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-control","display_name":"Power control","score":0.6007202863693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5281044244766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5015268325805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-metric","display_name":"Performance metric","score":0.44894856214523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4404638707637787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.433135986328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.42685115337371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3565932512283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.30390772223472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.2935110926628113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18306761980056763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18138185143470764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13426640629768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.11214309930801392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09245991706848145}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8657698631286621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7809191942214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.7419843077659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.7287575006484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.6775171160697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.6457506418228149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.6007202863693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5281044244766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5015268325805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance metric","level":2,"score":0.44894856214523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4404638707637787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.433135986328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.42685115337371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3565932512283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.30390772223472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.2935110926628113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18306761980056763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18138185143470764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13426640629768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.11214309930801392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09245991706848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45855.2022.9839235","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9839235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607711","display_name":"ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140516799","https://openalex.org/W2343448572","https://openalex.org/W2589615107","https://openalex.org/W2788350651","https://openalex.org/W2803132538","https://openalex.org/W2963186244","https://openalex.org/W2963864421","https://openalex.org/W2993586168","https://openalex.org/W3044930075","https://openalex.org/W4293229790","https://openalex.org/W4361867455","https://openalex.org/W6684921986"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3043926037","https://openalex.org/W2783338438","https://openalex.org/W2803690270","https://openalex.org/W1972763699","https://openalex.org/W4290996519","https://openalex.org/W3111512940","https://openalex.org/W2809239878","https://openalex.org/W3018009019","https://openalex.org/W2943541692","https://openalex.org/W4210595970"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,77],"a":[1,8],"typical":[2],"heterogeneous":[3],"network":[4],"(HetNet),":[5],"in":[6,74,119],"which":[7,95],"macro":[9],"base":[10],"station":[11],"(BS)":[12],"and":[13,31,125],"multiple":[14],"small":[15],"BSs":[16],"coexist":[17],"on":[18,105],"the":[19,36,49,54,70,75,101,113],"same":[20],"spectrum":[21],"band,":[22],"energy-efficiency":[23],"(EE)":[24],"performance":[25,124],"is":[26,32,60,64],"an":[27,89],"important":[28],"design":[29,88],"metric":[30],"highly":[33],"related":[34],"to":[35,47,68,87],"transmit":[37,45,102],"power":[38,46,91,103],"of":[39,121],"BSs.":[40],"Conventional":[41],"methods":[42,118],"optimize":[43],"BSs\u2019":[44],"enhance":[48],"EE":[50,123],"by":[51],"assuming":[52],"that":[53,112],"global":[55,72],"channel":[56],"state":[57],"information":[58],"(CSI)":[59],"available.":[61],"However,":[62],"it":[63],"challenging":[65],"or":[66],"expensive":[67],"collect":[69],"instantaneous":[71],"CSI":[73],"HetNet.":[76],"this":[78],"paper,":[79],"we":[80],"utilize":[81],"deep":[82],"reinforcement":[83],"learning":[84],"(DRL)":[85],"technique":[86],"intelligent":[90],"control":[92],"algorithm,":[93],"with":[94],"each":[96],"BS":[97],"can":[98],"independently":[99],"determine":[100],"based":[104],"only":[106],"local":[107],"information.":[108],"Simulation":[109],"results":[110],"demonstrate":[111],"proposed":[114],"algorithm":[115],"outperforms":[116],"conventional":[117],"terms":[120],"both":[122],"time":[126],"complexity.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
