{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4290993992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838616","title":"Efficient multi-tier, multiple entry PBFT consensus algorithm for IoT","display_name":"Efficient multi-tier, multiple entry PBFT consensus algorithm for IoT","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4290993992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838616"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838616","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607711","display_name":"ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078066327","display_name":"Haytham Qushtom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3093-8222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haytham Qushtom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ryerson University,Toronto,ON,Canada","Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ryerson University,Toronto,ON,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017004453","display_name":"Jelena Mi\u0161i\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1251-3730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jelena Misic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ryerson University,Toronto,ON,Canada","Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ryerson University,Toronto,ON,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019465701","display_name":"Vojislav B. Mi\u0161i\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7760-9920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vojislav B. Misic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ryerson University,Toronto,ON,Canada","Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ryerson University,Toronto,ON,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078066327"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9462,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86789042,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"44","last_page":"49"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.786639928817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.6538923978805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6288947463035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6000986099243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.5148059725761414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.4954608678817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.47657012939453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.4722636938095093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overlay-network","display_name":"Overlay network","score":0.4568101465702057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.4547649025917053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3529983460903168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.27507591247558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08353191614151001}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.786639928817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6538923978805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6288947463035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6000986099243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.5148059725761414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.4954608678817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.47657012939453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.4722636938095093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169851745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331985","display_name":"Overlay network","level":3,"score":0.4568101465702057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.4547649025917053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3529983460903168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.27507591247558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08353191614151001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838616","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607711","display_name":"ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2103178123","https://openalex.org/W2119795353","https://openalex.org/W2126087831","https://openalex.org/W2534313446","https://openalex.org/W2754529701","https://openalex.org/W3113926678","https://openalex.org/W3129278348","https://openalex.org/W3209914086","https://openalex.org/W6678832241"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257","https://openalex.org/W4387198027"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"implementation":[1],"of":[2,9,34,43,53,57,136,155,167],"a":[3,41,80,143,164],"blockchain-based":[4],"data":[5],"storage":[6],"and":[7,45,94,148],"Internet":[8],"Things":[10],"(IoT)":[11],"system":[12],"is":[13,25,89,140,159],"described":[14],"in":[15,65,91,109],"this":[16],"paper.":[17],"A":[18],"Practical":[19],"Byzantine":[20],"Fault":[21],"Tolerance":[22],"(PBFT)-like":[23],"protocol":[24],"used":[26],"to":[27,73,123],"achieve":[28],"consensus.":[29],"The":[30,49,153],"proposed":[31,138,157],"approach":[32,139],"consists":[33,52],"two":[35],"layers,":[36],"the":[37,46,66,115,118,131,137,156],"lower":[38,61,67,111],"layer":[39,51,68,112],"with":[40,97],"number":[42],"clusters":[44],"upper":[47,50,116],"layer.":[48],"virtual":[54,119],"cluster":[55,64,120],"composed":[56],"delegate":[58],"nodes":[59,72],"from":[60],"clusters.":[62],"Each":[63,86],"allows":[69,102],"its":[70],"member":[71],"initiate":[74],"simultaneous":[75],"consensus":[76,107],"rounds,":[77],"implemented":[78],"using":[79,142],"dedicated":[81],"overlay":[82,87],"network":[83,88],"per":[84],"node.":[85,100],"rooted":[90],"one":[92],"node":[93],"connects":[95],"it":[96],"every":[98],"other":[99],"This":[101],"concurrent":[103],"multiple":[104],"entry":[105],"PBFT":[106],"sessions":[108],"each":[110],"cluster.":[113],"In":[114],"layer,":[117],"members":[121],"have":[122],"contend":[124],"for":[125],"linking":[126],"their":[127],"accepted":[128],"blocks":[129],"into":[130],"blockchain":[132],"ledger.":[133],"Performance":[134],"analysis":[135],"performed":[141],"discrete-time":[144],"Markov":[145],"Chain":[146],"(DTMC)":[147],"M/G/1":[149],"queuing-based":[150],"analytical":[151],"model.":[152],"efficiency":[154],"model":[158],"verified":[160],"by":[161],"testing":[162],"over":[163],"wide":[165],"range":[166],"parameter":[168],"values.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}