{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4290996164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838544","title":"On Improving Automated Detection of Cyber-Bully in Social Networks with Constrained Datasets: A Hierarchical Deep Learning Approach","display_name":"On Improving Automated Detection of Cyber-Bully in Social Networks with Constrained Datasets: A Hierarchical Deep Learning Approach","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4290996164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838544"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838544","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607711","display_name":"ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087482152","display_name":"Venkata S. Nagulapati","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Venkata S. Nagulapati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lakehead University,Department of Computer Science,Thunder Bay,Canada","Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lakehead University,Department of Computer Science,Thunder Bay,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064654777","display_name":"Sai Rajesh Rapelli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sai R. Rapelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lakehead University,Department of Computer Science,Thunder Bay,Canada","Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lakehead University,Department of Computer Science,Thunder Bay,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063911030","display_name":"Zubair Md. Fadlullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4785-2425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100115","display_name":"Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/013kbs677","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100115"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zubair Md Fadlullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lakehead University,Department of Computer Science,Thunder Bay,Canada","Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada","Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute (TBRHRI), Thunder Bay, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lakehead University,Department of Computer Science,Thunder Bay,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute (TBRHRI), Thunder Bay, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068882573","display_name":"Mostafa M. Fouda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1790-8640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106969075","display_name":"Idaho State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0162z8b04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106969075"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mostafa M. Fouda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Idaho State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Pocatello,ID,USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Idaho State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Pocatello,ID,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106969075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106969075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035541390","display_name":"Waleed Alasmary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4349-144X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199693650","display_name":"Umm al-Qura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xjqrm90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waleed Alasmary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Umm Al-Qura University,Department of Computer Engineering,Makkah,Saudi Arabia","Department of Computer Engineering, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Umm Al-Qura University,Department of Computer Engineering,Makkah,Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057916222","display_name":"Mohsen Guizani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-8094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Guizani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI),Machine Learning Department,UAE","Machine Learning Department, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI),Machine Learning Department,UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning Department, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087482152"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.21,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41090736,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1746","last_page":"1751"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10485","display_name":"Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9750000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7422487735748291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6930452585220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6860989928245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offensive","display_name":"Offensive","score":0.6560107469558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-learning-machine","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","score":0.496872216463089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4568397104740143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.30968570709228516}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7422487735748291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6930452585220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6860989928245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176856949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001676","display_name":"Offensive","level":2,"score":0.6560107469558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780150128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21948731","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","level":3,"score":0.496872216463089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4568397104740143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.30968570709228516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838544","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607711","display_name":"ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311649","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/036nq5137"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1892688171","https://openalex.org/W2250879510","https://openalex.org/W2785615365","https://openalex.org/W2963266575","https://openalex.org/W3036604856","https://openalex.org/W3135271146","https://openalex.org/W3146521653","https://openalex.org/W3159201688"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1568520348","https://openalex.org/W3214407891","https://openalex.org/W3194113117","https://openalex.org/W3213194066","https://openalex.org/W4287020359","https://openalex.org/W268355439","https://openalex.org/W2967125893","https://openalex.org/W2969890106","https://openalex.org/W2905251838","https://openalex.org/W4380075502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,74,141,156,174,179],"recent":[2],"years,":[3],"online":[4],"users,":[5],"particularly":[6],"in":[7,14,46,76,86,100,162,171],"social":[8,58,163],"networks,":[9],"have":[10],"witnessed":[11],"an":[12],"upsurge":[13],"racism,":[15],"sexism,":[16],"and":[17,22,35,43,49,55,68,80,91,115,133,137],"other":[18],"types":[19],"of":[20,102,155,159,188,196],"aggressive":[21],"cyberbully":[23],"content,":[24],"which":[25,189],"are":[26],"often":[27],"manifested":[28],"through":[29],"offensive,":[30],"abusive,":[31],"or":[32],"hateful":[33,114],"speech":[34],"harassment.":[36],"This":[37],"can":[38],"lead":[39],"to":[40,52,66,106,199],"severe":[41],"physical":[42],"psychological":[44],"stress":[45],"young":[47],"children":[48],"adolescents,":[50],"leading":[51],"even":[53],"suicides":[54],"negatively":[56],"affecting":[57],"policies.":[59],"Therefore,":[60],"there":[61],"is":[62],"a":[63,77,93,152,166,192],"significant":[64,153],"need":[65],"identify":[67],"regulate":[69],"harassing":[70],"content":[71],"posted":[72],"on":[73],"Internet":[75],"smart,":[78],"automated,":[79],"accurate":[81],"manner.":[82],"With":[83],"this":[84,87],"aim,":[85],"paper,":[88],"we":[89],"design":[90],"develop":[92],"hierarchical":[94,149],"framework":[95,150],"comprising":[96],"machine":[97,121],"learning":[98,122,145],"algorithms":[99],"order":[101],"higher":[103,194],"computational":[104],"complexity":[105],"adaptatively":[107],"switch":[108],"among":[109],"them":[110,139],"for":[111],"efficiently":[112],"detecting":[113],"abusive":[116,160,201],"content.":[117],"We":[118],"combine":[119],"simple":[120],"models":[123],"such":[124],"as":[125],"Naive":[126],"Bayes/Logistic":[127],"Regression":[128],"classifiers":[129],"with":[130,140,165,173],"customized":[131],"calibration":[132],"Expectation-Maximization":[134],"(EM)":[135],"algorithms,":[136],"compare":[138],"much":[142,193],"stronger":[143],"deep":[144,175],"techniques.":[146],"Our":[147],"proposed":[148],"demonstrates":[151],"improvement":[154],"automated":[157],"detection":[158],"contents":[161],"networks":[164],"relatively":[167],"small":[168],"twitter":[169],"dataset":[170],"contrast":[172],"learning-based":[176],"counterpart,":[177],"namely":[178],"Bidirectional":[180],"Encoder":[181],"Representations":[182],"from":[183],"Transformers":[184],"(BERT)":[185],"model,":[186],"training":[187],"typically":[190],"requires":[191],"volume":[195],"labeled":[197],"documents":[198],"detect":[200],"comments.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
