{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4290996346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838468","title":"Energy-Efficiency Maximization of Multiple RISs-Enabled Communication Networks by Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Energy-Efficiency Maximization of Multiple RISs-Enabled Communication Networks by Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4290996346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838468"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838468","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607711","display_name":"ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054911644","display_name":"Pyae Sone Aung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8331-6729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pyae Sone Aung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyung Hee University,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Yongin-si,Republic of Korea","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyung Hee University,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Yongin-si,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090437841","display_name":"Yan Kyaw Tun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-0082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Kyaw Tun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyung Hee University,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Yongin-si,Republic of Korea","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyung Hee University,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Yongin-si,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063667378","display_name":"Zhu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Houston,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Houston,TX,USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Houston,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Houston,TX,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034052371","display_name":"Choong Seon Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-7333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Choong Seon Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyung Hee University,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Yongin-si,Republic of Korea","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyung Hee University,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Yongin-si,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2181","last_page":"2186"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.96670001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.964900016784668,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.693989634513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6710460782051086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6538512110710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coordinate-descent","display_name":"Coordinate descent","score":0.6305720806121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.601730465888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5874735116958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.5764245986938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.546539843082428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5355363488197327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.4648633897304535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.42841577529907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.3419995903968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.24918043613433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18322595953941345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1789952516555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1411074995994568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.11583074927330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09813088178634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.0709010660648346}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.693989634513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6710460782051086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6538512110710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157553263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5168004","display_name":"Coordinate descent","level":2,"score":0.6305720806121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.601730465888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5874735116958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.5764245986938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.546539843082428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5355363488197327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.4648633897304535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42841577529907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.3419995903968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.24918043613433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18322595953941345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1789952516555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1411074995994568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.11583074927330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09813088178634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0709010660648346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838468","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607711","display_name":"ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/3c9f72ec-487a-4451-859e-8c56d3de8c0b","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/3c9f72ec-487a-4451-859e-8c56d3de8c0b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Aung , P S , Tun , Y K , Han , Z & Hong , C S 2022 , Energy-efficiency maximization of multiple RISs-enabled communication networks by deep reinforcement learning . in In Proc. IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) 2022 . IEEE , ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications , 16/05/2022 . https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC45855.2022.9838468","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017424540","https://openalex.org/W2087179032","https://openalex.org/W2766640809","https://openalex.org/W2891191577","https://openalex.org/W2911794478","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2963966702","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W3005112765","https://openalex.org/W3021587675","https://openalex.org/W3034281970","https://openalex.org/W3034533409","https://openalex.org/W3036886449","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3045780692","https://openalex.org/W3134502172","https://openalex.org/W3157217691","https://openalex.org/W3159402647","https://openalex.org/W3167603521","https://openalex.org/W3185482389","https://openalex.org/W4297825594","https://openalex.org/W6696497002","https://openalex.org/W6713134421","https://openalex.org/W6776870536"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W4388081250","https://openalex.org/W2909457694","https://openalex.org/W1761601995","https://openalex.org/W2904599916","https://openalex.org/W4321608401","https://openalex.org/W4300468626","https://openalex.org/W3193749313"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconfigurable":[0],"Intelligent":[1],"Surfaces":[2],"(RISs)":[3],"have":[4],"become":[5],"an":[6],"emerging":[7],"paradigm":[8],"to":[9,37,76,133,139,150],"improve":[10],"the":[11,42,45,65,83,87,93,119,135,152],"average":[12],"sum-rate,":[13],"enhance":[14],"energy":[15,39],"efficiency":[16,40],"and":[17,58,71,109,113,125],"extend":[18],"coverage":[19],"areas":[20],"in":[21,78,131],"wireless":[22],"communications.":[23],"In":[24],"this":[25],"paper,":[26],"a":[27],"multiple":[28],"RISs-enabled":[29],"energy-efficient":[30],"downlink":[31],"communication":[32],"system":[33],"is":[34,61,68,74,96],"investigated.":[35],"Then,":[36,118],"maximize":[38],"for":[41],"proposed":[43,156],"system,":[44],"joint":[46,102],"optimization":[47,127],"problem":[48,67,95],"of":[49,154],"user-RIS":[50,103],"association,":[51,104],"reflective":[52,105],"elements":[53,106],"ON/OFF":[54,107],"states,":[55,108],"phase":[56,110],"shift,":[57],"transmit":[59],"power":[60,115],"formulated.":[62],"However,":[63],"as":[64],"formulated":[66,94],"mixed-integer,":[69],"non-convex,":[70],"NP-hard,":[72],"it":[73],"challenging":[75],"solve":[77,134],"polynomial":[79],"time.":[80],"To":[81],"overcome":[82],"challenge,":[84],"by":[85],"using":[86],"Block":[88],"Coordinate":[89],"Descent":[90],"(BCD)":[91],"method,":[92],"decomposed":[97,136],"into":[98],"two":[99],"sub-problems:":[100],"1)":[101],"shift":[111],"problem,":[112],"2)":[114],"control":[116],"problem.":[117],"deep":[120],"reinforcement":[121],"learning":[122],"(DRL)":[123],"algorithm":[124],"convex":[126],"technique":[128],"are":[129,148],"deployed":[130],"order":[132],"sub-problems":[137],"alternatively":[138],"find":[140],"close":[141],"optimal":[142],"solutions.":[143],"Finally,":[144],"comprehensive":[145],"simulation":[146],"results":[147],"established":[149],"demonstrate":[151],"effectiveness":[153],"our":[155],"algorithms.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}