{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4300916921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838400","title":"A Proactive Defense Strategy Against SGX Side-channel Attacks via self-checking DRL in the Cloud","display_name":"A Proactive Defense Strategy Against SGX Side-channel Attacks via self-checking DRL in the Cloud","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4300916921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838400"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838400","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607711","display_name":"ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012550933","display_name":"Tengchao Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-4881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021250","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qtv5q45","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tengchao Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology,Beijing,China,100876"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology,Beijing,China,100876","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069646989","display_name":"Changqiao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1467-1086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021250","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qtv5q45","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changqiao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology,Beijing,China,100876"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology,Beijing,China,100876","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030578465","display_name":"Qingzhao An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9540-0896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021250","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qtv5q45","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingzhao An","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology,Beijing,China,100876"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology,Beijing,China,100876","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053431750","display_name":"Xiaohui Kuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3816-402X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohui Kuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of IOT Information Security,CAS,IIE,Beijing,China","IIE, CAS, Beijing Key Laboratory of IOT Information Security, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of IOT Information Security,CAS,IIE,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIE, CAS, Beijing Key Laboratory of IOT Information Security, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012513623","display_name":"Lujie Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2111-0896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lujie Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Capital Normal University,Information Engineering College,Beijing,China,100089"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Capital Normal University,Information Engineering College,Beijing,China,100089","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020385557","display_name":"Luigi Alfredo Grieco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-6924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68618741","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Bari","ror":"https://ror.org/03c44v465","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68618741"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Alfredo Grieco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Bari,School of Electronic Engineering,Bari,Italy","School of Electronic Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Bari,School of Electronic Engineering,Bari,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68618741"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68618741"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4174","last_page":"4179"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7979202270507812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7362359762191772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6314647197723389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.5788708925247192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5225926637649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-guard","display_name":"Security guard","score":0.5152433514595032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.5042883157730103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guard","display_name":"Guard (computer science)","score":0.4925471246242523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.49065008759498596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4465769827365875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3838373124599457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.29725995659828186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.28120797872543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1732417345046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1149584949016571}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7979202270507812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7362359762191772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6314647197723389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.5788708925247192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5225926637649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992838255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856887","display_name":"Security guard","level":2,"score":0.5152433514595032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.5042883157730103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141141315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2379942","display_name":"Guard (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4925471246242523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.49065008759498596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4465769827365875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3838373124599457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.29725995659828186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.28120797872543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1732417345046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1149584949016571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838400","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607711","display_name":"ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1771410628","https://openalex.org/W2463516579","https://openalex.org/W2612997195","https://openalex.org/W2736601468","https://openalex.org/W2751084832","https://openalex.org/W2759293838","https://openalex.org/W2766749922","https://openalex.org/W2795286232","https://openalex.org/W2807403537","https://openalex.org/W2886636392","https://openalex.org/W2888798936","https://openalex.org/W3015399395","https://openalex.org/W3021263526","https://openalex.org/W3037927977","https://openalex.org/W3043192809","https://openalex.org/W3088385171","https://openalex.org/W3100860658","https://openalex.org/W3108186281","https://openalex.org/W3152901657","https://openalex.org/W3153646319","https://openalex.org/W6638018090","https://openalex.org/W6719314992","https://openalex.org/W6741002519","https://openalex.org/W6754227972","https://openalex.org/W6775929233","https://openalex.org/W6786392672","https://openalex.org/W6794199251"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400868993","https://openalex.org/W3096874164","https://openalex.org/W1985560493","https://openalex.org/W2937181779","https://openalex.org/W2386410636","https://openalex.org/W2357975469","https://openalex.org/W2145363145","https://openalex.org/W1626977535","https://openalex.org/W2379568912","https://openalex.org/W2341346307"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intel":[0],"software":[1],"guard":[2],"extensions":[3],"(SGX)":[4],"technology":[5],"allows":[6],"cloud":[7,47],"vendors":[8],"to":[9,105,163],"provide":[10],"customers":[11],"with":[12],"an":[13,72],"independent":[14],"and":[15,25,32,56,125,147,168],"trusted":[16],"execution":[17],"environment":[18],"(TEE).":[19],"It":[20,138],"protects":[21],"critical":[22],"data":[23],"confidentiality":[24],"integrity":[26],"from":[27],"malicious":[28],"software.":[29],"However,":[30],"more":[31,33],"SGX":[34,57,96],"side-channel":[35,97],"attacks":[36],"have":[37],"appeared,":[38],"which":[39,63,77,130],"seriously":[40],"undermine":[41],"the":[42,84,91,101,107,120,140,144,156,159,165],"confidence":[43],"of":[44,86,119,149],"tenants":[45],"in":[46,67,158],"security.":[48],"The":[49,111],"related":[50],"research":[51],"focuses":[52],"on":[53,80],"system":[54],"hardware":[55],"compiler":[58],"solutions":[59],"for":[60],"specific":[61],"attacks,":[62],"also":[64],"has":[65],"difficulties":[66],"deployment.":[68],"Differently,":[69],"we":[70,154],"propose":[71],"intelligent-driven":[73],"proactive":[74,93],"defense":[75,94,166],"strategy,":[76],"is":[78,90,131],"based":[79],"live":[81],"migration.":[82],"To":[83],"best":[85],"our":[87],"knowledge,":[88],"this":[89],"first":[92],"against":[95],"attacks.":[98],"We":[99],"adopt":[100],"Markov":[102],"decision":[103],"process":[104],"solve":[106],"migration":[108],"programming":[109],"problem.":[110],"innovative":[112],"deep":[113],"reinforcement":[114],"learning":[115],"(DRL)":[116],"solves":[117],"problems":[118],"unknown":[121],"state":[122],"transition":[123],"probability":[124],"large":[126],"machine":[127,171],"load":[128],"states,":[129],"called":[132],"self-checking":[133],"proximal":[134],"policy":[135],"optimization":[136],"(SPPO).":[137],"changes":[139],"reward":[141],"pattern,":[142],"improving":[143],"convergence":[145],"speed":[146],"stability":[148],"DRL.":[150],"In":[151],"prototype":[152],"experiments,":[153],"deploy":[155],"strategy":[157],"OpenStack":[160],"platform":[161],"agilely":[162],"prove":[164],"performance":[167],"low":[169],"virtual":[170],"costs.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
