{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387870399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279819","title":"Outlier Detection and Spectrum Feature Extraction Based on Nearest-Neighbors Correlation and Random Forest Algorithm","display_name":"Outlier Detection and Spectrum Feature Extraction Based on Nearest-Neighbors Correlation and Random Forest Algorithm","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387870399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279819"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279819","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2023 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01HQJRQ5T0BD9QJNPKYVPYX2QF/file/01HQJSEZ8DNW0VVTVDZEC1KDX4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018946386","display_name":"Rodney Mart\u00ednez Alonso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2529-5944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rodney Martinez Alonso","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESAT - WaveCore - Networked Systems, KU LEUVEN,Leuven,Belgium","ESAT - WaveCore - Networked Systems, KU LEUVEN, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2529-5944","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESAT - WaveCore - Networked Systems, KU LEUVEN,Leuven,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESAT - WaveCore - Networked Systems, KU LEUVEN, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021128973","display_name":"David Plets","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8879-5076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Plets","raw_affiliation_strings":["INTEC - WAVES, imec / Ghent University,Ghent,Belgium","INTEC - WAVES, imec / Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8879-5076","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INTEC - WAVES, imec / Ghent University,Ghent,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INTEC - WAVES, imec / Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028689021","display_name":"Sofie Pollin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1470-2076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sofie Pollin","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESAT - WaveCore - Networked Systems, KU LEUVEN,Leuven,Belgium","ESAT - WaveCore - Networked Systems, KU LEUVEN, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1470-2076","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESAT - WaveCore - Networked Systems, KU LEUVEN,Leuven,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESAT - WaveCore - Networked Systems, KU LEUVEN, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024310053","display_name":"Luc Martens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9948-9157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luc Martens","raw_affiliation_strings":["INTEC - WAVES, imec / Ghent University,Ghent,Belgium","INTEC - WAVES, imec / Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9948-9157","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INTEC - WAVES, imec / Ghent University,Ghent,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INTEC - WAVES, imec / Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018341759","display_name":"Wout Joseph","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8807-0673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wout Joseph","raw_affiliation_strings":["INTEC - WAVES, imec / Ghent University,Ghent,Belgium","INTEC - WAVES, imec / Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8807-0673","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INTEC - WAVES, imec / Ghent University,Ghent,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INTEC - WAVES, imec / Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018946386"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.191,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51941689,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4615","last_page":"4620"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7285625338554382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.6062719821929932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inefficiency","display_name":"Inefficiency","score":0.5443044304847717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.5353659987449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.5046907663345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.49221888184547424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.4547594487667084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4347989857196808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.42777228355407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.4240318238735199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.41753771901130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-spectrum","display_name":"Radio spectrum","score":0.41634953022003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2627326250076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1550421118736267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.09428384900093079}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7285625338554382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.6062719821929932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778869765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6028363","display_name":"Inefficiency","level":2,"score":0.5443044304847717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.5353659987449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.5046907663345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.49221888184547424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.4547594487667084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4347989857196808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.42777228355407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4240318238735199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.41753771901130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92545706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902174","display_name":"Radio spectrum","level":2,"score":0.41634953022003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2627326250076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1550421118736267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.09428384900093079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279819","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2023 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:01HQJRQ5T0BD9QJNPKYVPYX2QF","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-01HQJRQ5T0BD9QJNPKYVPYX2QF","pdf_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01HQJRQ5T0BD9QJNPKYVPYX2QF/file/01HQJSEZ8DNW0VVTVDZEC1KDX4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISBN: 9781538674628","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/735892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/735892","pdf_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/5b4acc97-3a6d-47de-9e45-6148dd3e3646","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2023 - IEEE International Conference on Communications, Rome, Italy, 28 May - 1 June 2023","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:01HQJRQ5T0BD9QJNPKYVPYX2QF","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-01HQJRQ5T0BD9QJNPKYVPYX2QF","pdf_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01HQJRQ5T0BD9QJNPKYVPYX2QF/file/01HQJSEZ8DNW0VVTVDZEC1KDX4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISBN: 9781538674628","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322603","display_name":"Universiteit Gent","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323782","display_name":"Vlaamse Interuniversitaire Raad","ror":"https://ror.org/00q3h2974"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331563","display_name":"VLIRUOS","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333469","display_name":"Centro de Estudos Ambientais e Marinhos, Universidade de Aveiro","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387870399.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387870399.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2212166199","https://openalex.org/W2247373664","https://openalex.org/W2343899768","https://openalex.org/W2790902314","https://openalex.org/W3002482178","https://openalex.org/W3014537413","https://openalex.org/W3023182176","https://openalex.org/W3044183495","https://openalex.org/W3096592914","https://openalex.org/W3139060069","https://openalex.org/W3194721843","https://openalex.org/W4400716841","https://openalex.org/W6784505769"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2236567279","https://openalex.org/W2188389332","https://openalex.org/W4225341666","https://openalex.org/W3046087850","https://openalex.org/W1988869880","https://openalex.org/W185479762","https://openalex.org/W3161816731","https://openalex.org/W2224800885","https://openalex.org/W2392764151","https://openalex.org/W2153872761"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"spectrum":[1,9,24,28,46,54,64,97,114],"surveys":[2],"conducted":[3],"worldwide":[4],"demonstrate":[5],"that":[6,69],"the":[7,75,92,113,118],"radio-electric":[8],"in":[10,74,81,117],"use":[11],"at":[12],"any":[13],"given":[14],"location":[15],"and":[16,27,40,78,83,104,120],"instant":[17],"of":[18,37,95,111,127],"time":[19,82],"is":[20,31,48,61,70,109],"below":[21],"25%.":[22],"Current":[23],"management":[25],"policies":[26],"utilization":[29,55,115],"inefficiency":[30],"becoming":[32],"unsustainable":[33],"for":[34,52,129],"future":[35],"development":[36],"radio":[38],"technologies":[39],"services.":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43,87],"context,":[44],"dynamic":[45],"access":[47],"a":[49,96,124,130],"promising":[50],"technique":[51],"improving":[53],"efficiency.":[56],"A":[57],"key":[58],"scientific":[59],"gap":[60],"identifying":[62],"inaccurate":[63],"data":[65],"from":[66],"hidden":[67],"nodes":[68],"not":[71],"homogeneously":[72],"distributed":[73],"spatial":[76,119],"domain":[77,122],"dynamically":[79],"vary":[80],"frequency.":[84],"For":[85],"bridging":[86],"gap,":[88],"our":[89],"paper":[90],"presents":[91],"research":[93],"results":[94],"feature":[98],"extraction":[99],"algorithm":[100,108],"based":[101],"on":[102],"multi-correlation":[103],"Random":[105],"Forest.":[106],"Our":[107],"capable":[110],"estimating":[112],"pattern":[116],"frequency":[121],"with":[123],"minimum":[125],"reliability":[126],"92%":[128],"real":[131],"heterogeneous":[132],"networking":[133],"scenario.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-02T09:04:35.204637","created_date":"2023-10-24T00:00:00"}