{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387870337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279767","title":"LoRa Synchronized Energy-Efficient LPWAN","display_name":"LoRa Synchronized Energy-Efficient LPWAN","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387870337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279767"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279767","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2023 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100677427","display_name":"Boyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2210-3572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Boyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan,Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Ann Arbor,Michigan,U.S.A","Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan,Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Ann Arbor,Michigan,U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103366803","display_name":"Vidya Srinivas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vidya Srinivas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan,Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Ann Arbor,Michigan,U.S.A","Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan,Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Ann Arbor,Michigan,U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100456327","display_name":"Yan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8561-5092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan,Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Ann Arbor,Michigan,U.S.A","Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan,Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Ann Arbor,Michigan,U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068224304","display_name":"Robert P. Dick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5428-9530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert P. Dick","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan,Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Ann Arbor,Michigan,U.S.A","Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan,Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Ann Arbor,Michigan,U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100677427"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1337,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45528993,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5383","last_page":"5389"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lpwan","display_name":"LPWAN","score":0.9291092753410339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/star-network","display_name":"Star network","score":0.8276592493057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7889456152915955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6521555185317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.6130238771438599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.593562126159668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5365526676177979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5140801072120667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.46720999479293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/default-gateway","display_name":"Default gateway","score":0.42412105202674866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4218195080757141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.42027148604393005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.41740182042121887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.374352365732193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wide-area-network","display_name":"Wide area network","score":0.29091888666152954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring-network","display_name":"Ring network","score":0.1776384711265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06634464859962463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.06414896249771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.05507931113243103}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20706829","display_name":"LPWAN","level":3,"score":0.9291092753410339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71976206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841749","display_name":"Star network","level":4,"score":0.8276592493057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7889456152915955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6521555185317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.6130238771438599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.593562126159668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5365526676177979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5140801072120667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.46720999479293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187713609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465461","display_name":"Default gateway","level":2,"score":0.42412105202674866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4218195080757141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.42027148604393005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.41740182042121887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.374352365732193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776238582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11384","display_name":"Wide area network","level":2,"score":0.29091888666152954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122306262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719775","display_name":"Ring network","level":3,"score":0.1776384711265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06634464859962463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.06414896249771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.05507931113243103}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279767","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2023 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309652","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069888113","https://openalex.org/W2118498353","https://openalex.org/W2120462722","https://openalex.org/W2611640645","https://openalex.org/W2754549675","https://openalex.org/W2795262473","https://openalex.org/W2800297764","https://openalex.org/W2901111720","https://openalex.org/W3095612904","https://openalex.org/W4206013365","https://openalex.org/W4214917520","https://openalex.org/W4229058165"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3119343251","https://openalex.org/W4387870337","https://openalex.org/W2902299988","https://openalex.org/W4385269846","https://openalex.org/W4285279042","https://openalex.org/W3172118396","https://openalex.org/W2990354069","https://openalex.org/W2896332706","https://openalex.org/W2761151461","https://openalex.org/W2952763095"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,58,148,172],"need":[4],"for":[5,69,190],"low-power":[6],"wide-area":[7],"networks":[8,72],"(LPWANs)":[9],"that":[10,32,73],"remain":[11],"energy":[12,45,106,131],"efficient":[13,46],"even":[14,186],"when":[15],"scaled":[16],"to":[17,48,77,80,95,99,159],"cover":[18],"large":[19],"geographic":[20],"areas":[21],"without":[22],"power":[23],"delivery":[24,128],"infrastructure.":[25],"LoRaWAN":[26],"is":[27],"a":[28,34,66,89,100,112,154,167,182,191],"widely":[29],"used":[30],"LPWAN":[31,64],"requires":[33],"star":[35],"(or":[36],"star-of-stars)":[37],"topology":[38,91,184,193],"in":[39,115,147,187],"which":[40],"only":[41],"leaf":[42],"nodes":[43,76,94,145],"are":[44],"enough":[47],"be":[49],"powered":[50],"by":[51],"compact":[52],"and":[53,125,130],"inexpensive":[54],"batteries.":[55],"We":[56,108,152],"describe":[57],"design":[59],"of":[60,88,157],"LoRa":[61,71],"Synchronized":[62],"Energy-Efficient":[63],"(SEEL),":[65],"novel":[67],"protocol":[68,165],"multi-hop":[70],"allows":[74],"battery-powered":[75],"forward":[78],"messages":[79],"difficult-to-access":[81],"locations.":[82],"SEEL":[83,110,135,158,173],"performs":[84],"link-quality-aware,":[85],"dynamic":[86,162],"formation":[87,164,170],"tree":[90],"network":[92,163,169,174],"enabling":[93],"deliver":[96],"their":[97],"packets":[98,179],"central":[101],"gateway":[102],"while":[103],"minimizing":[104],"node":[105],"consumption.":[107],"evaluate":[109],"via":[111],"month-long":[113],"deployment":[114,150,156],"an":[116],"outdoor,":[117],"real-world":[118],"environment":[119],"covering":[120],"9.0":[121],"km<sup":[122],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[123],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[124],"analyze":[126],"its":[127,161],"rates":[129],"efficiency;":[132],"we":[133],"find":[134],"nodes,":[136],"on":[137],"average,":[138],"function":[139],"6.6\u00d7":[140],"as":[141,143],"long":[142],"always-on":[144],"would":[146,181],"same":[149],"setting.":[151],"conduct":[153],"follow-up":[155],"compare":[160],"with":[166],"static":[168,183,192],"protocol;":[171],"drops":[175],"16%":[176],"fewer":[177],"node-to-node":[178],"than":[180],"network,":[185],"near-ideal":[188],"circumstances":[189],"network.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-22T23:10:17.713674","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}