{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387870971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279619","title":"Path Loss Analysis for Low-Altitude Air-to-Air Millimeter-Wave Channel in Built-Up Area","display_name":"Path Loss Analysis for Low-Altitude Air-to-Air Millimeter-Wave Channel in Built-Up Area","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387870971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279619"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279619","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279619","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2023 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047254739","display_name":"Zhuangzhuang Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1892-2276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhuangzhuang Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Katholieke Universiteit,WaveCoRE,Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT),Leuven,Belgium","Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), WaveCoRE, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Katholieke Universiteit,WaveCoRE,Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT),Leuven,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), WaveCoRE, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085362362","display_name":"Abdul Saboor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6512-1562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Saboor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Katholieke Universiteit,WaveCoRE,Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT),Leuven,Belgium","Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), WaveCoRE, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Katholieke Universiteit,WaveCoRE,Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT),Leuven,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), WaveCoRE, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071443242","display_name":"Achiel Colpaert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1238-2002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Achiel Colpaert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Katholieke Universiteit,WaveCoRE,Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT),Leuven,Belgium","Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), WaveCoRE, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Katholieke Universiteit,WaveCoRE,Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT),Leuven,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), WaveCoRE, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028689021","display_name":"Sofie Pollin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1470-2076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sofie Pollin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Katholieke Universiteit,WaveCoRE,Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT),Leuven,Belgium","Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), WaveCoRE, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Katholieke Universiteit,WaveCoRE,Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT),Leuven,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), WaveCoRE, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047254739"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.3101,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96932881,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2643","last_page":"2648"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.8683344721794128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6085872650146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.5900275707244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5718835592269897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.5421385169029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.4161616265773773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.35916221141815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.34297654032707214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18355315923690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.16246268153190613}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.8683344721794128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6085872650146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.5900275707244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5718835592269897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.5421385169029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.4161616265773773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.35916221141815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.34297654032707214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18355315923690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.16246268153190613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279619","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279619","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2023 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/720545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/720545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Rome, Italy, 28 May - 1 June 2023","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3344408692","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G098020N","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509061701","https://openalex.org/W1964194403","https://openalex.org/W2235766849","https://openalex.org/W2588137119","https://openalex.org/W2743810081","https://openalex.org/W2916067097","https://openalex.org/W2949028735","https://openalex.org/W2962125566","https://openalex.org/W2965660127","https://openalex.org/W2980622003","https://openalex.org/W2982511316","https://openalex.org/W2998267513","https://openalex.org/W3000920750","https://openalex.org/W3014656313","https://openalex.org/W3022443292","https://openalex.org/W3087989294","https://openalex.org/W3164704335","https://openalex.org/W3198822726","https://openalex.org/W4281771790","https://openalex.org/W4285344225","https://openalex.org/W6802709543"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306950403","https://openalex.org/W22721396","https://openalex.org/W2253573804","https://openalex.org/W4300167711","https://openalex.org/W2806700348","https://openalex.org/W2963347964","https://openalex.org/W1994455657","https://openalex.org/W2168752585","https://openalex.org/W2982213597","https://openalex.org/W3162362331"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Communications":[0],"between":[1,148],"unmanned":[2],"aerial":[3,12,188],"vehicles":[4],"(UAVs)":[5],"play":[6],"an":[7,35,126,159],"important":[8],"role":[9],"in":[10,44,59,178],"deploying":[11],"networks.":[13,189],"Although":[14],"some":[15],"studies":[16],"reveal":[17],"that":[18],"drone-based":[19],"air-to-air":[20],"(A2A)":[21],"channels":[22,86],"are":[23],"relatively":[24],"clear":[25],"and":[26,70,152,181],"thus":[27],"can":[28,64],"be":[29,39],"modeled":[30,157],"as":[31,158],"free-space":[32],"propagation,":[33],"such":[34],"assumption":[36],"may":[37],"not":[38],"applicable":[40],"to":[41,75,108,124],"drones":[42],"flying":[43],"low":[45],"altitudes":[46],"of":[47,97,137,171],"built-up":[48],"environments.":[49],"In":[50,131],"practice,":[51],"low-altitude":[52,84],"A2A":[53,85],"channel":[54],"modeling":[55,83],"becomes":[56],"more":[57],"challenging":[58],"urban":[60,90],"scenarios":[61],"since":[62],"buildings":[63,73],"obstruct":[65],"the":[66,95,98,104,111,115,135,142,146,165,169,172],"line-of-sight":[67],"(LOS)":[68],"path,":[69],"multipaths":[71],"from":[72],"lead":[74],"additional":[76],"losses.":[77],"Therefore,":[78],"we":[79,93,133],"herein":[80],"focus":[81],"on":[82,141],"considering":[87],"a":[88],"generic":[89],"deployment,":[91],"where":[92,145],"introduce":[94],"evidence":[96],"small-size":[99],"first":[100],"Fresnel":[101],"zone":[102],"at":[103],"millimeter-wave":[105],"(mmWave)":[106],"band":[107],"approximately":[109],"derive":[110],"LOS":[112],"probability.":[113],"Then,":[114],"path":[116,128,143,149],"loss":[117,129,150],"under":[118],"different":[119,179],"propagation":[120],"conditions":[121],"is":[122,156],"investigated":[123],"obtain":[125],"integrated":[127],"model.":[130,175],"addition,":[132],"incorporate":[134],"impact":[136],"imperfect":[138],"beam":[139,153],"alignment":[140],"loss,":[144],"relation":[147],"fluctuation":[151],"misalignment":[154],"level":[155],"exponential":[160],"form.":[161],"Finally,":[162],"comparisons":[163],"with":[164],"3GPP":[166],"model":[167],"show":[168],"effectiveness":[170],"proposed":[173],"analytical":[174],"Numerical":[176],"simulations":[177],"environments":[180],"heights":[182],"provide":[183],"practical":[184],"deployment":[185],"guidance":[186],"for":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}