{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387883732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279584","title":"A DRL-Based Hierarchical Game for Physical Layer Security with Dynamic Trilateral Coalitions","display_name":"A DRL-Based Hierarchical Game for Physical Layer Security with Dynamic Trilateral Coalitions","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387883732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279584"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279584","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279584","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2023 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104187298","display_name":"Ruoyang Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruoyang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043939315","display_name":"Changyan Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3467-0710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changyan Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000861569","display_name":"Kun Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6784-5583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047248078","display_name":"Jun Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-0404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Montr&#x00E9;al,QC,Canada,H3G 1M8"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Montr&#x00E9;al,QC,Canada,H3G 1M8","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100443103","display_name":"Bing Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2863-5441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104187298"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4126,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89426362,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4495","last_page":"4500"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.6959867477416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6944117546081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.6739419102668762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-game","display_name":"Sequential game","score":0.5812102556228638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.5174522995948792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.5009868144989014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.4954630136489868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.4895254373550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.4693005681037903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.46445155143737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.45582306385040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.42279505729675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeated-game","display_name":"Repeated game","score":0.419400155544281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3843986392021179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.33171606063842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1730549931526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1555255949497223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.14847847819328308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11582127213478088}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.6959867477416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6944117546081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.6739419102668762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73795354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287618","display_name":"Sequential game","level":3,"score":0.5812102556228638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.5174522995948792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.5009868144989014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.4954630136489868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.4895254373550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.4693005681037903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.46445155143737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.45582306385040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.42279505729675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202556891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1584646","display_name":"Repeated game","level":3,"score":0.419400155544281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3843986392021179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.33171606063842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1730549931526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1555255949497223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.14847847819328308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11582127213478088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279584","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279584","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2023 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2201244769","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62002164,61701230,62176122","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043769961","https://openalex.org/W2056404676","https://openalex.org/W2561992636","https://openalex.org/W2891044362","https://openalex.org/W2906390277","https://openalex.org/W2947716766","https://openalex.org/W3023895525","https://openalex.org/W3059280052","https://openalex.org/W3135536802","https://openalex.org/W4213413464","https://openalex.org/W4226321552","https://openalex.org/W4285247160","https://openalex.org/W4313053000","https://openalex.org/W6838905404","https://openalex.org/W6847764184"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3026705917","https://openalex.org/W2516026999","https://openalex.org/W3166880716","https://openalex.org/W2155410265","https://openalex.org/W3121990887","https://openalex.org/W2959329152","https://openalex.org/W4360996312","https://openalex.org/W2769689807","https://openalex.org/W1733425272","https://openalex.org/W1540514160"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,19],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,103,108,147],"novel":[4],"hierarchical":[5,104,164],"game":[6,105,113],"framework":[7],"for":[8,60,68,75,154,162],"physical":[9],"layer":[10],"security":[11],"(PLS)":[12],"with":[13,57,107,158],"dynamic":[14,88,109],"trilateral":[15,110,138],"coalitions":[16,56],"is":[17],"studied.":[18],"the":[20,40,80,92,116,137,156,163,168],"considered":[21],"system,":[22],"legitimate":[23],"users":[24],"(LUs)":[25],"aim":[26],"to":[27,31,54,114],"transmit":[28],"secret":[29],"data":[30],"associated":[32],"base":[33],"stations":[34],"(BSs)":[35],"via":[36],"uplink":[37],"communications":[38],"under":[39,91],"threat":[41],"of":[42,94,136,142],"eavesdroppers":[43],"(EVs),":[44],"while":[45,87],"there":[46],"also":[47],"exists":[48],"jammers":[49],"(JAs)":[50],"which":[51],"may":[52],"choose":[53],"form":[55],"either":[58],"LUs":[59],"increasing":[61,69],"their":[62,70],"secrecy":[63],"transmission":[64],"rates":[65,72],"or":[66],"EVs":[67],"eavesdropping":[71],"in":[73,128],"exchange":[74],"potential":[76],"rewards.":[77],"Different":[78],"from":[79],"existing":[81],"work,":[82],"we":[83,131,144],"explore":[84],"such":[85],"complicated":[86],"coalition":[89,111],"relationships":[90],"uncertainties":[93],"wireless":[95],"systems":[96],"(e.g.,":[97],"time-varying":[98],"channel":[99],"conditions),":[100],"and":[101,126,171],"formulate":[102],"integrated":[106],"formation":[112],"model":[115],"strategic":[117],"interactions":[118],"among":[119],"all":[120],"three":[121],"parties,":[122],"i.e.,":[123],"LUs,":[124],"JAs":[125],"EVs,":[127],"PLS.":[129],"Particularly,":[130],"first":[132],"analyze":[133],"stability":[134],"conditions":[135],"coalitions.":[139],"On":[140],"top":[141],"this,":[143],"further":[145],"propose":[146],"deep":[148],"reinforcement":[149],"learning":[150],"(DRL)":[151],"based":[152],"approach":[153],"reaching":[155],"equilibrium":[157],"long-term":[159],"performance":[160],"guarantees":[161],"game.":[165],"Simulations":[166],"evaluate":[167],"proposed":[169],"solution":[170],"show":[172],"its":[173],"superiority":[174],"over":[175],"counterparts.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
