{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387883701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10278981","title":"Intelligent O-RAN Traffic Steering for URLLC Through Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Intelligent O-RAN Traffic Steering for URLLC Through Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387883701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10278981"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45041.2023.10278981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10278981","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2023 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042668454","display_name":"Ibrahim Tamim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7749-7543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Tamim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western University,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,London,ON,Canada","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Western University, London, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western University,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,London,ON,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Western University, London, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050847961","display_name":"Sam Aleyadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3396-3837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sam Aleyadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western University,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,London,ON,Canada","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Western University, London, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western University,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,London,ON,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Western University, London, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041270670","display_name":"Abdallah Shami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2887-0350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdallah Shami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western University,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,London,ON,Canada","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Western University, London, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western University,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,London,ON,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Western University, London, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"112","last_page":"118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.76587975025177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ran","display_name":"Ran","score":0.5945091843605042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queueing-theory","display_name":"Queueing theory","score":0.5464639663696289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.540276825428009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5035867094993591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-ran","display_name":"C-RAN","score":0.45378634333610535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4400922954082489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-latency","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","score":0.4371781051158905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-network","display_name":"Intelligent Network","score":0.4200012683868408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.41205552220344543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3434714078903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3364430367946625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-network","display_name":"Radio access network","score":0.2861548662185669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.1353374719619751}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.76587975025177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160704184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031028","display_name":"Ran","level":2,"score":0.5945091843605042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22684755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847526","display_name":"Queueing theory","level":2,"score":0.5464639663696289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.540276825428009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5035867094993591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779765720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5005908","display_name":"C-RAN","level":5,"score":0.45378634333610535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4400922954082489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.4371781051158905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51675839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665681","display_name":"Intelligent Network","level":2,"score":0.4200012683868408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.41205552220344543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3434714078903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3364430367946625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.2861548662185669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.1353374719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45041.2023.10278981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10278981","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2023 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32403112","https://openalex.org/W2474110868","https://openalex.org/W2566425973","https://openalex.org/W2620303912","https://openalex.org/W2762198575","https://openalex.org/W2772721022","https://openalex.org/W2783684775","https://openalex.org/W2885978796","https://openalex.org/W2962948535","https://openalex.org/W2972298765","https://openalex.org/W3092158833","https://openalex.org/W3134779518","https://openalex.org/W3197468536","https://openalex.org/W3216621863","https://openalex.org/W3217596786","https://openalex.org/W4200498924","https://openalex.org/W4210482483","https://openalex.org/W4226135608","https://openalex.org/W4285813864","https://openalex.org/W4298857966","https://openalex.org/W4317796310","https://openalex.org/W6637967152","https://openalex.org/W6746809867","https://openalex.org/W6809567804"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2885627391","https://openalex.org/W4205856738","https://openalex.org/W4324323655","https://openalex.org/W2922954044","https://openalex.org/W2476671161","https://openalex.org/W4313555347","https://openalex.org/W2436923341","https://openalex.org/W3037103914","https://openalex.org/W1982654631","https://openalex.org/W3018338683"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,106],"goal":[1],"of":[2,24,110,147],"Next-Generation":[3],"Networks":[4],"is":[5,45,129],"to":[6,38,68,78,102],"improve":[7],"upon":[8],"the":[9,83],"current":[10],"networking":[11],"paradigm,":[12],"especially":[13],"in":[14,141,151],"providing":[15],"higher":[16],"data":[17],"rates,":[18],"near-real-time":[19],"latencies,":[20],"and":[21,36,53,72,81,100,120,143],"near-perfect":[22],"quality":[23],"service.":[25],"However,":[26],"existing":[27],"radio":[28],"access":[29],"network":[30,70],"(RAN)":[31],"architectures":[32],"lack":[33],"sufficient":[34],"flexibility":[35],"intelligence":[37],"meet":[39],"those":[40],"demands.":[41],"Open":[42],"RAN":[43,55],"(O-RAN)":[44],"a":[46,51,60,111],"promising":[47],"paradigm":[48],"for":[49],"building":[50],"virtualized":[52],"intelligent":[54],"architecture.":[56],"This":[57],"paper":[58],"presents":[59],"Machine":[61],"Learning":[62],"(ML)-based":[63],"Traffic":[64],"Steering":[65],"(TS)":[66],"scheme":[67],"predict":[69],"congestion":[71],"then":[73],"proactively":[74],"steer":[75],"O-RAN":[76,142],"traffic":[77],"avoid":[79],"it":[80],"reduce":[82],"expected":[84],"queuing":[85,152],"delay.":[86],"To":[87],"achieve":[88],"this,":[89],"we":[90],"propose":[91],"an":[92,145],"optimized":[93],"setup":[94],"focusing":[95],"on":[96,116],"safeguarding":[97],"both":[98],"latency":[99],"reliability":[101],"serve":[103],"URLLC":[104],"applications.":[105],"proposed":[107],"solution":[108,128],"consists":[109],"two-tiered":[112],"ML":[113],"strategy":[114],"based":[115],"Naive":[117],"Bayes":[118],"Classifier":[119],"deep":[121],"<tex":[122],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[123],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$Q-":[124],"\\mathbf{learning}$</tex>":[125],".":[126],"Our":[127],"evaluated":[130],"against":[131],"traditional":[132],"reactive":[133],"TS":[134],"approaches":[135],"that":[136],"are":[137],"offered":[138],"as":[139],"xApps":[140],"shows":[144],"average":[146],"15.81":[148],"percent":[149],"decrease":[150],"delay":[153],"across":[154],"all":[155],"deployed":[156],"SFCs.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
