{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387870391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10278868","title":"STAMINA: Implementation and Evaluation of Software-Defined Millimeter Wave Initial Access","display_name":"STAMINA: Implementation and Evaluation of Software-Defined Millimeter Wave Initial Access","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387870391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10278868"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45041.2023.10278868","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10278868","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2023 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065645292","display_name":"Joao F. Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6439-2056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joao F. Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Commonwealth Cyber Initiative,Virginia Tech,USA","Commonwealth Cyber Initiative, Virginia Tech, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commonwealth Cyber Initiative,Virginia Tech,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commonwealth Cyber Initiative, Virginia Tech, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046452685","display_name":"Efat Fathalla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0317-5733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138378","display_name":"Dominion (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038q98v71","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138378"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Efat Fathalla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Old Dominion University,USA","Old Dominion University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Old Dominion University,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138378","https://openalex.org/I81365321"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Old Dominion University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138378","https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043178847","display_name":"Aloizio Pereira Da Silva","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aloizio Pereira Da Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Commonwealth Cyber Initiative,Virginia Tech,USA","Commonwealth Cyber Initiative, Virginia Tech, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commonwealth Cyber Initiative,Virginia Tech,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commonwealth Cyber Initiative, Virginia Tech, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108373296","display_name":"Luiz A. Da Silva","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luiz A. Da Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Commonwealth Cyber Initiative,Virginia Tech,USA","Commonwealth Cyber Initiative, Virginia Tech, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commonwealth Cyber Initiative,Virginia Tech,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commonwealth Cyber Initiative, Virginia Tech, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073275706","display_name":"Jacek Kibi\u0142da","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8939-0583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacek Kibilda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Commonwealth Cyber Initiative,Virginia Tech,USA","Commonwealth Cyber Initiative, Virginia Tech, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commonwealth Cyber Initiative,Virginia Tech,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commonwealth Cyber Initiative, Virginia Tech, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"346","last_page":"352"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-radio","display_name":"Software-defined radio","score":0.7641244530677795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.751787543296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.7385965585708618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.6401680707931519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-software-radio-peripheral","display_name":"Universal Software Radio Peripheral","score":0.5125339031219482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.4889940023422241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4429767429828644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.41076067090034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.37907958030700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24515172839164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11934173107147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07452234625816345}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171115542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331892","display_name":"Software-defined radio","level":2,"score":0.7641244530677795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.751787543296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7385965585708618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.6401680707931519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192220659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1245659","display_name":"Universal Software Radio Peripheral","level":3,"score":0.5125339031219482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.4889940023422241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4429767429828644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.41076067090034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.37907958030700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24515172839164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11934173107147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07452234625816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45041.2023.10278868","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10278868","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2023 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/118201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10919/118201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference proceeding"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490756768","https://openalex.org/W2049205301","https://openalex.org/W2490299299","https://openalex.org/W2789635206","https://openalex.org/W2796047239","https://openalex.org/W2891740819","https://openalex.org/W2979583075","https://openalex.org/W2996018848","https://openalex.org/W3000404972","https://openalex.org/W3016572839","https://openalex.org/W3037624462","https://openalex.org/W3096075796","https://openalex.org/W3105281589","https://openalex.org/W3107346599","https://openalex.org/W3119458351","https://openalex.org/W3166861417","https://openalex.org/W3181931503","https://openalex.org/W3200349402","https://openalex.org/W3209722719","https://openalex.org/W4221142134","https://openalex.org/W6629408151","https://openalex.org/W6663003483"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251089492","https://openalex.org/W2886621694","https://openalex.org/W2127011572","https://openalex.org/W2993899695","https://openalex.org/W2540432762","https://openalex.org/W1622326982","https://openalex.org/W2354005007","https://openalex.org/W2086030743","https://openalex.org/W208897493","https://openalex.org/W2911420891"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,126],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"a":[5,71,183],"framework":[6,124],"for":[7,15,38,113,186],"experimentation":[8],"in":[9,41,60,105],"next-generation":[10,118,190],"Initial":[11],"Access":[12,27],"(IA)":[13],"procedures":[14],"Millimeter":[16],"Wave":[17],"(mmWave)":[18],"and":[19,47,163],"Terahertz":[20],"(THz)":[21],"communications":[22],"called":[23],"SofTwAre-defined":[24],"Mmwave":[25],"INitial":[26],"(STAMINA).":[28],"The":[29],"IA":[30,65,86,108,119,145,169,191],"procedure":[31,66],"is":[32],"one":[33],"of":[34,74,132,139],"the":[35,63,84,130,137,168],"essential":[36],"components":[37],"communication":[39],"systems":[40],"high":[42],"frequencies,":[43],"enabling":[44],"directional":[45],"transmitters":[46],"receivers":[48],"to":[49,142,151,166,171],"acquire":[50],"each":[51],"other's":[52],"relative":[53],"orientation":[54],"before":[55],"data":[56],"transmission.":[57],"While":[58],"effective":[59],"establishing":[61],"communication,":[62],"existing":[64,99],"standardized":[67],"by":[68,128],"3GPP":[69],"consumes":[70],"significant":[72],"amount":[73],"radio":[75],"resources.":[76],"Many":[77],"research":[78,116],"efforts":[79],"have":[80],"proposed":[81],"enhancements":[82],"over":[83,159],"current-generation":[85],"procedure,":[87],"e.g.,":[88],"leveraging":[89],"non-uniform":[90],"beam":[91],"sweep":[92],"sequences":[93],"or":[94],"adaptive":[95],"codebooks.":[96],"However,":[97],"no":[98],"experimental":[100,115],"mmWave":[101,123,140,153],"platforms":[102],"support":[103],"modifications":[104],"their":[106,111],"standard-compliant":[107],"procedures,":[109],"preventing":[110],"utilization":[112],"conducting":[114],"on":[117,189],"procedures.":[120,146,192],"Our":[121,175],"software-defined":[122],"addresses":[125],"gap":[127],"combining":[129],"flexibility":[131,165],"Software-defined":[133],"Radios":[134],"(SDRs)":[135],"with":[136,182],"directionality":[138],"front-ends":[141],"perform":[143],"customizable":[144],"We":[147],"demonstrate":[148],"STAMINA's":[149],"ability":[150],"control":[152],"frontends":[154],"correctly,":[155],"its":[156,164],"increased":[157],"performance":[158],"traditional":[160],"static":[161],"experiments,":[162],"customize":[167],"parameters":[170],"achieve":[172],"different":[173],"objectives.":[174],"results":[176],"show":[177],"that":[178],"STAMINA":[179],"provides":[180],"experimenters":[181],"flexible":[184],"platform":[185],"performing":[187],"experiments":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}