{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387883599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10278744","title":"Hardware Architecture of Channel Encoding for 5G New Radio Physical Downlink Control Channel","display_name":"Hardware Architecture of Channel Encoding for 5G New Radio Physical Downlink Control Channel","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387883599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10278744"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45041.2023.10278744","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10278744","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2023 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082920782","display_name":"Shajeel Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0790-696X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shajeel Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Systems Group, Analog Devices A/S,Lyngby,Denmark","Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","Wireless Systems Group, Analog Devices A/S, Lyngby, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Systems Group, Analog Devices A/S,Lyngby,Denmark","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Systems Group, Analog Devices A/S, Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109163855","display_name":"A. Lund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8748-1517"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anders Lund","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Systems Group, Analog Devices A/S,Lyngby,Denmark","Wireless Systems Group, Analog Devices A/S, Lyngby, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Systems Group, Analog Devices A/S,Lyngby,Denmark","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Systems Group, Analog Devices A/S, Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091317407","display_name":"Metodi P. Yankov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0682-7001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Metodi P. Yankov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Denmark,Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering,Lyngby,Denmark","Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Denmark,Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering,Lyngby,Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093114080","display_name":"Thomas G. N\u00f8rgaard","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas G. N\u00f8rgaard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Systems Group, Analog Devices A/S,Lyngby,Denmark","Wireless Systems Group, Analog Devices A/S, Lyngby, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Systems Group, Analog Devices A/S,Lyngby,Denmark","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Systems Group, Analog Devices A/S, Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019279820","display_name":"S\u00f8ren Forchhammer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6698-8870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00f8ren Forchhammer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Denmark,Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering,Lyngby,Denmark","Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Denmark,Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering,Lyngby,Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082920782"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2598,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54719291,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2258","last_page":"2263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7450804114341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7002756595611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-channel","display_name":"Control channel","score":0.6951513290405273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5864046812057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.5787602066993713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclic-redundancy-check","display_name":"Cyclic redundancy check","score":0.5535260438919067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5439770221710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5195370316505432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4836907982826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.48099884390830994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.41265150904655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.38220834732055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.33179494738578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2577417492866516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.22913405299186707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09742492437362671}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7450804114341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7002756595611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157607044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165851","display_name":"Control channel","level":3,"score":0.6951513290405273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5864046812057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.5787602066993713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137627569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245471","display_name":"Cyclic redundancy check","level":3,"score":0.5535260438919067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5439770221710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5195370316505432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4836907982826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.48099884390830994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.41265150904655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.38220834732055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.33179494738578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2577417492866516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.22913405299186707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09742492437362671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc45041.2023.10278744","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc45041.2023.10278744","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2023 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/9c58da02-5eb8-4028-ad5e-1a77133ea6d6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/9c58da02-5eb8-4028-ad5e-1a77133ea6d6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400705","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Iqbal , S , Lund , A , Yankov , M P , N\u00f8rgaard , T G & Forchhammer , S 2023 , Hardware Architecture of Channel Encoding for 5G New Radio Physical Downlink Control Channel . in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications . , 10278744 , IEEE , pp. 2258-2263 , 2023 IEEE International Conference on Communication , Rome , Italy , 28/05/2023 . https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC45041.2023.10278744","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2321050165","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9066-00055B","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313796","funder_display_name":"Innovationsfonden"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313796","display_name":"Innovationsfonden","ror":"https://ror.org/00daj4111"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525711738","https://openalex.org/W1914450998","https://openalex.org/W2082276651","https://openalex.org/W2150498905","https://openalex.org/W2561236886","https://openalex.org/W2901220633","https://openalex.org/W2919624674","https://openalex.org/W2995700824","https://openalex.org/W2999759127","https://openalex.org/W3003276132","https://openalex.org/W3089013019","https://openalex.org/W3105620383","https://openalex.org/W3214641210"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2144880008","https://openalex.org/W4200022504","https://openalex.org/W4200077209","https://openalex.org/W2351600364","https://openalex.org/W2129146436","https://openalex.org/W2032507829","https://openalex.org/W1490972920","https://openalex.org/W2995716320","https://openalex.org/W2092160480","https://openalex.org/W3046139756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,68],"article,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4,30],"a":[5,31,74,87],"flexible":[6],"and":[7,41,59,80,138],"parallelizable":[8],"hardware":[9,51],"architecture":[10,35,109],"of":[11,90,102,126],"the":[12,17,38,50,84,120],"channel":[13,27,70],"encoding":[14,71,108],"chain":[15,72],"for":[16,53,62],"fifth":[18],"generation":[19],"new":[20,32],"radio":[21],"(5G":[22],"NR)":[23],"physical":[24],"downlink":[25],"control":[26],"(PDCCH).":[28],"We":[29,47,66],"polar":[33,107],"encoder":[34],"based":[36],"on":[37,73],"radix-k":[39],"processing":[40],"fast":[42],"Fourier":[43],"transform":[44],"(FFT)":[45],"concepts.":[46],"also":[48],"introduce":[49],"architectures":[52],"cyclic":[54],"redundancy":[55],"check":[56],"(CRC)":[57],"interleaver":[58],"rate":[60],"matcher":[61],"5G":[63,121,140],"NR":[64,122,141],"PDCCH.":[65],"synthesized":[67],"complete":[69],"Virtex":[75],"Ultrascale+":[76],"field-programmable":[77],"gate-array":[78],"(FPGA)":[79],"show":[81],"that":[82],"with":[83],"proposed":[85,106],"architecture,":[86],"codeword":[88],"throughput":[89],"4.26":[91],"Gbps":[92],"can":[93,110,130],"be":[94,131],"realized":[95],"while":[96],"consuming":[97],"as":[98,100],"little":[99],"3%":[101],"FPGAs":[103],"resources.":[104],"The":[105],"encode":[111],"from":[112],"84":[113],"up":[114],"to":[115,134],"164":[116],"resource":[117,128],"blocks":[118,129],"in":[119],"frame":[123],"structure.":[124],"Encoding":[125],"multiple":[127,145],"systematically":[132],"applied":[133],"highly":[135],"dense":[136],"(time":[137],"frequency)":[139],"fronthaul":[142],"links":[143],"supporting":[144],"antennas.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}