{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3190231461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500978","title":"Re-envisioning Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks: Reinforcement Learning for Link Optimization","display_name":"Re-envisioning Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks: Reinforcement Learning for Link Optimization","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3190231461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500978","mag":"3190231461"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500978","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500978","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2021 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061168650","display_name":"Atefeh Hajijamali Arani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4177-3558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atefeh Hajijamali Arani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo,Canada,N2L 3G1"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo,Canada,N2L 3G1","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101976436","display_name":"Peng Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9069-0484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159778","display_name":"National Research Council Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04mte1k06","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo,Canada,N2L 3G1","National Research Council of Canada, Waterloo, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo,Canada,N2L 3G1","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council of Canada, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080452531","display_name":"Yeying Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeying Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo,Canada,N2L 3G1"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo,Canada,N2L 3G1","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backhaul","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","score":0.9005165100097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7722635865211487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7181191444396973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6389694809913635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5249017477035522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5105663537979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.4787570536136627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.45137399435043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4162350594997406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.34133437275886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1667223870754242}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103760667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798444","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","level":3,"score":0.9005165100097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7722635865211487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7181191444396973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6389694809913635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5249017477035522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5105663537979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4787570536136627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.45137399435043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4162350594997406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.34133437275886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1667223870754242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500978","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500978","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2021 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.ca:cistinparc:c0bbf31f-8635-4a25-8b7b-41f1336cf37a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=c0bbf31f-8635-4a25-8b7b-41f1336cf37a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055245","display_name":"NPARC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991056455","https://openalex.org/W2607844664","https://openalex.org/W2612291478","https://openalex.org/W2754349741","https://openalex.org/W2770894874","https://openalex.org/W2773861676","https://openalex.org/W2895065489","https://openalex.org/W2944067540","https://openalex.org/W2962691117","https://openalex.org/W2963061782","https://openalex.org/W2969525674","https://openalex.org/W3011895811","https://openalex.org/W3012497592","https://openalex.org/W3023458242","https://openalex.org/W3024145172","https://openalex.org/W3028953582","https://openalex.org/W3034653302","https://openalex.org/W3035685590","https://openalex.org/W3080211198","https://openalex.org/W3088703345","https://openalex.org/W3091989295","https://openalex.org/W3102527375","https://openalex.org/W3127205829","https://openalex.org/W3134807487","https://openalex.org/W3135046321"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4297310313","https://openalex.org/W2963149344","https://openalex.org/W2097644939","https://openalex.org/W2012551222","https://openalex.org/W4200445394","https://openalex.org/W4303414366","https://openalex.org/W2768698792","https://openalex.org/W2041847789","https://openalex.org/W2594059527","https://openalex.org/W1724300815"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,148],"provide":[1],"ubiquitous":[2],"connectivity":[3,81],"and":[4,11,18,66,84,105,135,139,163,172],"achieve":[5],"high":[6],"reliability":[7],"in":[8,38,88,108,145,152],"the":[9,14,39,51,59,75,130,141,146,150,158,169,179,187],"under-served":[10],"under-connected":[12],"areas,":[13],"integration":[15],"of":[16,41,61,143,160],"aerial":[17,35,42,85],"space":[19],"communication":[20],"infrastructures":[21],"into":[22],"terrestrial":[23,83],"networks":[24],"is":[25,91],"envisioned":[26],"as":[27,120],"a":[28,109,153],"promising":[29],"solution.":[30,124],"In":[31,54,95],"this":[32,96],"regard,":[33],"unmanned":[34],"vehicles":[36],"(UAVs),":[37],"role":[40],"base":[43],"stations":[44],"(BSs),":[45],"have":[46],"been":[47],"recommended":[48],"to":[49,56,71,74,186],"solve":[50,149],"coverage":[52],"problem.":[53],"order":[55],"effectively":[57,72],"leverage":[58],"advantages":[60],"UAVs":[62,134,144],"deployment,":[63],"UAV":[64],"trajectory":[65],"resource":[67,132],"management":[68],"are":[69],"required":[70],"adapt":[73],"network":[76],"conditions.":[77],"However,":[78],"providing":[79],"backhaul":[80,103,123],"for":[82],"BSs":[86],"deployed":[87],"these":[89],"areas":[90],"another":[92],"tremendous":[93],"challenge.":[94],"paper,":[97],"we":[98,128,156],"aim":[99],"at":[100],"jointly":[101],"optimizing":[102],"link":[104,107],"access":[106,126],"space-air-ground":[110],"integrated":[111],"network.":[112,147],"We":[113],"consider":[114],"low":[115],"Earth":[116],"orbit":[117],"(LEO)":[118],"satellites":[119],"an":[121],"effective":[122],"For":[125],"links,":[127],"manage":[129],"radio":[131],"among":[133],"small":[136],"cell":[137],"BSs,":[138],"optimize":[140],"trajectories":[142],"problem":[151],"distributed":[154],"manner,":[155],"utilize":[157],"tools":[159],"reinforcement":[161],"learning,":[162],"propose":[164],"two":[165],"approaches":[166,181],"based":[167],"on":[168],"multi-armed":[170],"bandit":[171],"satisfaction":[173],"algorithms.":[174,189],"Simulation":[175],"results":[176],"show":[177],"that":[178],"proposed":[180],"yield":[182],"significant":[183],"performance":[184],"compared":[185],"benchmark":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}