{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3188307653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500916","title":"IRS-Assisted High-Speed Train Communications: Outage Probability Minimization with Statistical CSI","display_name":"IRS-Assisted High-Speed Train Communications: Outage Probability Minimization with Statistical CSI","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3188307653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500916","mag":"3188307653"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500916","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500916","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2021 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033468930","display_name":"Meilin Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6474-8518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meilin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University,State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing,China,100044"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University,State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing,China,100044","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100620739","display_name":"Bo Ai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6850-0595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University,State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing,China,100044","School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University,State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing,China,100044","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002187290","display_name":"Yong Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7278-5527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University,State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing,China,100044"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University,State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing,China,100044","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063667378","display_name":"Zhu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Houston,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Houston,TX,USA,77004"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Houston,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Houston,TX,USA,77004","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350955","display_name":"Zhangdui Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8889-7374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangdui Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University,State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing,China,100044"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University,State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing,China,100044","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outage-probability","display_name":"Outage probability","score":0.7032814621925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.686553955078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6708913445472717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6521713137626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.593895673751831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.5867337584495544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.5753233432769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.5205953121185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coverage-probability","display_name":"Coverage probability","score":0.5204905867576599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.519011378288269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5149065256118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.46651116013526917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.46125519275665283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.4418799877166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4185446500778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3892177641391754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3368975520133972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.21851447224617004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.21003782749176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1962546706199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.19431272149085999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19006898999214172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.18962746858596802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11476969718933105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09556123614311218}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778258436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30672262","display_name":"Outage probability","level":4,"score":0.7032814621925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.686553955078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6708913445472717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6521713137626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.593895673751831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.5867337584495544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.5753233432769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.5205953121185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776292839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179217","display_name":"Coverage probability","level":3,"score":0.5204905867576599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.519011378288269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5149065256118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.46651116013526917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.46125519275665283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.4418799877166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4185446500778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3892177641391754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3368975520133972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.21851447224617004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.21003782749176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1962546706199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.19431272149085999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19006898999214172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.18962746858596802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11476969718933105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09556123614311218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500916","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500916","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2021 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320006","display_name":"Royal Society","ror":"https://ror.org/03wnrjx87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323066","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323067","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324856","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133406100","https://openalex.org/W2140050521","https://openalex.org/W2772761202","https://openalex.org/W2894971761","https://openalex.org/W2906770588","https://openalex.org/W2963355537","https://openalex.org/W2968389137","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2971853242","https://openalex.org/W3005476696","https://openalex.org/W3008435545","https://openalex.org/W3013168336","https://openalex.org/W3013719647","https://openalex.org/W3027118737","https://openalex.org/W3029554135","https://openalex.org/W3034793892","https://openalex.org/W3100536113","https://openalex.org/W3102180363","https://openalex.org/W3112939283","https://openalex.org/W3115455179","https://openalex.org/W3194128891","https://openalex.org/W6767675023","https://openalex.org/W6775781111","https://openalex.org/W6787451418"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127424141","https://openalex.org/W2041256871","https://openalex.org/W2728807107","https://openalex.org/W2962837930","https://openalex.org/W2073726993","https://openalex.org/W2024821657","https://openalex.org/W4318482790","https://openalex.org/W2895876902","https://openalex.org/W1512207135","https://openalex.org/W2805155750"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"considers":[2],"an":[3,80],"intelligent":[4],"reconfigurable":[5],"surface":[6],"(IRS)":[7],"assisted":[8],"high-speed":[9,43],"train":[10],"communication":[11,45],"system":[12,145,159],"to":[13,39,87,109],"address":[14],"blockage":[15],"issues,":[16],"thus":[17],"enhancing":[18],"the":[19,24,34,50,53,60,64,76,89,99,102,106,110,117,120,137,141,148,152,158],"spectrum":[20],"efficiency":[21],"and":[22,69,94,101,128,151],"reducing":[23],"outage":[25,54,77,81,126],"probability.":[26,78],"However,":[27],"instantaneous":[28],"channel":[29,51],"state":[30],"information":[31],"(CSI)":[32],"at":[33,98],"base":[35],"station":[36],"is":[37,56,85,132],"hard":[38],"be":[40],"acquired":[41],"in":[42,63,123,133],"railway":[44],"scenarios.":[46],"To":[47],"deal":[48],"with":[49,136],"uncertainty,":[52],"performance":[55,160],"investigated":[57],"by":[58],"exploiting":[59],"statistical":[61],"CSI":[62],"downlink":[65],"multiple-input":[66],"multiple-output":[67],"system,":[68],"we":[70],"derive":[71],"a":[72],"closed-form":[73],"expression":[74],"of":[75,119,125,143],"Moreover,":[79],"probability":[82,127],"minimization":[83],"problem":[84],"formulated":[86],"facilitate":[88],"IRS":[90],"phase":[91],"shift":[92],"design":[93,97],"transceiver":[95],"beam-forming":[96],"BS":[100],"mobile":[103],"relay":[104],"on":[105,157],"train,":[107],"subject":[108],"transmit":[111,149],"power":[112,150],"constraint.":[113],"Simulation":[114],"results":[115],"validate":[116],"efficacy":[118],"proposed":[121],"algorithm":[122],"terms":[124],"effective":[129],"rate,":[130],"which":[131],"close":[134],"agreement":[135],"theoretical":[138],"analysis.":[139],"Besides,":[140],"impacts":[142],"critical":[144],"parameters":[146],"including":[147],"signal-to-noise":[153],"ratio":[154],"(SNR)":[155],"threshold":[156],"are":[161],"presented.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
