{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3189275190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500792","title":"Exploiting Physical Presence Sensing to Secure Voice Assistant Systems","display_name":"Exploiting Physical Presence Sensing to Secure Voice Assistant Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3189275190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500792","mag":"3189275190","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40919066"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500792","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500792","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2021 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12412192/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028743344","display_name":"Bang Tran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6663-8942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33434090","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Boston","ror":"https://ror.org/04ydmy275","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bang Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts,Department of Computer Science,Boston","Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Boston"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts,Department of Computer Science,Boston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Boston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012604971","display_name":"Shenhui Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33434090","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Boston","ror":"https://ror.org/04ydmy275","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shenhui Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts,Department of Computer Science,Boston","Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Boston"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts,Department of Computer Science,Boston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Boston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101655447","display_name":"Xiaohui Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4064-2393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33434090","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Boston","ror":"https://ror.org/04ydmy275","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohui Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts,Department of Computer Science,Boston","Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Boston"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts,Department of Computer Science,Boston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Boston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100626780","display_name":"Honggang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1492-1364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33434090","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Boston","ror":"https://ror.org/04ydmy275","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honggang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts,Department of Engineering,Boston","Department of Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Boston"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts,Department of Engineering,Boston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33434090","https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Boston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028743344"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5692,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7340088,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7065157890319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.45640504360198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4213504493236542}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7065157890319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.45640504360198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4213504493236542}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500792","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500792","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2021 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:40919066","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40919066","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Communications : [proceedings]. IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12412192","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12412192/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Int Conf Commun","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12412192","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12412192/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Int Conf Commun","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W172871796","https://openalex.org/W2472787443","https://openalex.org/W2486441166","https://openalex.org/W2575585029","https://openalex.org/W2735454016","https://openalex.org/W2751902866","https://openalex.org/W2764166175","https://openalex.org/W2765636281","https://openalex.org/W2766001563","https://openalex.org/W2794441842","https://openalex.org/W2795038031","https://openalex.org/W2799174307","https://openalex.org/W2809536883","https://openalex.org/W2886326201","https://openalex.org/W2887037008","https://openalex.org/W2887348247","https://openalex.org/W2911233953","https://openalex.org/W2915446359","https://openalex.org/W2942367762","https://openalex.org/W3003285580","https://openalex.org/W3011619420","https://openalex.org/W3118319119","https://openalex.org/W4236183354","https://openalex.org/W4300824008","https://openalex.org/W6722479552","https://openalex.org/W6750412548","https://openalex.org/W6787623263"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3119288895","https://openalex.org/W2185075503","https://openalex.org/W2104528589","https://openalex.org/W4229940372","https://openalex.org/W2186375278","https://openalex.org/W2749720872","https://openalex.org/W2793748347","https://openalex.org/W4250904811","https://openalex.org/W2155047054","https://openalex.org/W4224212656"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Voice":[0],"Assistant":[1],"System":[2],"(VAS)":[3],"provides":[4],"a":[5,16,41,49,55,59,91,181,205,229],"convenient":[6],"way":[7],"for":[8,86],"users":[9],"to":[10,81,98,124,173,195,233,235],"interact":[11],"with":[12],"smart-home":[13,38,51,219],"devices":[14,39,113],"via":[15,40],"voice":[17,26,42,75,105,126,146,154,200,239],"interface.":[18,43],"However,":[19],"it":[20],"raises":[21],"unique":[22],"security":[23],"issues,":[24],"including":[25],"replay":[27,106,240],"and":[28,34,58,107,114,128,136,147,155,167,191,241],"injection":[29,108,242],"attacks,":[30,109],"where":[31],"attackers":[32],"remotely":[33,72],"maliciously":[35],"control":[36],"the":[37,78,83,95,100,133,139,161,168,175,198,208,225,238,245],"In":[44],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"we":[47],"consider":[48,151],"typical":[50],"scenario":[52],"in":[53,65,216,244],"which":[54],"VAS":[56,84,96,101,134],"device":[57,62,80,85,97,102,135],"compromised":[60],"speaker":[61,79,209],"are":[63,158],"placed":[64],"close":[66],"physical":[67,165],"proximity.":[68],"The":[69],"attacker":[70],"can":[71,170],"play":[73],"malicious":[74,87],"commands":[76],"through":[77],"manipulate":[82],"purposes.":[88],"We":[89,150,211],"propose":[90],"defense":[92],"system":[93,122,179,215,227],"on":[94],"secure":[99],"against":[103],"both":[104,153],"without":[110,115],"any":[111,116],"additional":[112],"extra":[117],"user":[118,206],"effort.":[119],"Specifically,":[120],"our":[121,178,214],"aims":[123],"collect":[125],"data":[127,130,157,190,194],"wireless":[129,148,156],"continuously":[131],"from":[132,145,187,204],"then":[137],"extracts":[138],"Mel-Cepstral":[140],"Frequency":[141],"Coefficients":[142],"(MFCC)":[143],"features":[144],"data.":[149],"that":[152,185,224],"affected":[159],"by":[160],"same":[162],"present":[163],"users'":[164],"activities,":[166],"correlation":[169],"be":[171],"used":[172],"detect":[174,237],"attacks.":[176],"Finally,":[177],"applies":[180],"deep":[182],"learning":[183],"model":[184],"learns":[186],"previous":[188],"time-series":[189],"analyzes":[192],"real-time":[193,199],"infer":[196],"whether":[197],"command":[201],"is":[202],"generated":[203],"or":[207],"device.":[210],"have":[212],"tested":[213],"certain":[217],"real-world":[218],"scenarios.":[220,247],"Our":[221],"experiments":[222],"showed":[223],"proposed":[226],"has":[228],"probability":[230],"between":[231],"76.4%":[232],"89.1%":[234],"successfully":[236],"attacks":[243],"considered":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
