{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3190317124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500458","title":"Feature Selection Evaluation towards a Lightweight Deep Learning DDoS Detector","display_name":"Feature Selection Evaluation towards a Lightweight Deep Learning DDoS Detector","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3190317124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500458","mag":"3190317124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500458","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500458","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2021 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11567/1090564","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033205391","display_name":"Odnan Ref Sanchez","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Odnan Ref Sanchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNIT - S2N National Laboratory, Genoa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNIT - S2N National Laboratory, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001542206","display_name":"Matteo Repetto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8478-2633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127765","display_name":"IMA (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/030sq7c39","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127765"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137033","display_name":"Istituto di Matematica Applicata e Tecnologie Informatiche","ror":"https://ror.org/03m0n3c07","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137033","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Repetto","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMATI - CNR, Genoa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMATI - CNR, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127765","https://openalex.org/I4210137033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089578957","display_name":"Alessandro Carrega","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5944-7582"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Carrega","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNIT - S2N National Laboratory, Genoa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNIT - S2N National Laboratory, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051730804","display_name":"Raffaele Bolla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2861-1586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raffaele Bolla","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNIT - S2N National Laboratory, Genoa, Italy","DITEN, University of Genoa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNIT - S2N National Laboratory, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DITEN, University of Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077752850","display_name":"Jane Frances Pajo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1784-1239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jane Frances Pajo","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNIT - S2N National Laboratory, Genoa, Italy","DITEN, University of Genoa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNIT - S2N National Laboratory, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DITEN, University of Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033205391"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5604,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89785379,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.9183760285377502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8481112718582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.7523620128631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5788785815238953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.5634297728538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5113853812217712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5035318732261658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4760465621948242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4477159082889557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4363349378108978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.43499237298965454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3806562125682831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.37113529443740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3428475856781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2939831614494324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09532371163368225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.9183760285377502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8481112718582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7523620128631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5788785815238953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5634297728538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5113853812217712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5035318732261658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4760465621948242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4477159082889557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4363349378108978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.43499237298965454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3806562125682831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.37113529443740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3428475856781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2939831614494324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09532371163368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500458","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500458","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2021 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unige.it:11567/1090564","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11567/1090564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196291","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","host_organization_name":"University of Genoa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unige.it:11567/1090564","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11567/1090564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196291","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","host_organization_name":"University of Genoa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G232353898","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"833456","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3656740367","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"786922","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4937468798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5190488160","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"833456","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6074097376","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"786922","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051717526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W172260869","https://openalex.org/W1489537150","https://openalex.org/W1989606042","https://openalex.org/W2031163547","https://openalex.org/W2061272711","https://openalex.org/W2625013748","https://openalex.org/W2750543062","https://openalex.org/W2789828921","https://openalex.org/W2840169530","https://openalex.org/W2907111600","https://openalex.org/W2912178823","https://openalex.org/W2921019731","https://openalex.org/W2940371396","https://openalex.org/W2982682021","https://openalex.org/W2990923974","https://openalex.org/W3005097670","https://openalex.org/W3022588684","https://openalex.org/W3046156860","https://openalex.org/W3102091066","https://openalex.org/W4242841269","https://openalex.org/W6739372879","https://openalex.org/W6760107260","https://openalex.org/W6776519381"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W96612179","https://openalex.org/W2566006169","https://openalex.org/W4386482731","https://openalex.org/W2770234245","https://openalex.org/W4385302085","https://openalex.org/W2360429410","https://openalex.org/W2765763546","https://openalex.org/W2987774938","https://openalex.org/W2039821316","https://openalex.org/W2388081684"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Today\u2019s":[0],"networks":[1],"and":[2,14,29,63,87,138,181],"services":[3],"undoubtedly":[4],"require":[5,73],"a":[6,99,114,170],"high":[7],"level":[8],"of":[9,50,95,127,173,176],"protection":[10],"from":[11],"cyber":[12],"threats":[13],"attacks.":[15],"State-of-the-art":[16],"solutions":[17,71],"that":[18,72,103,149,193],"implement":[19],"Machine":[20],"Learning":[21,69],"(ML)":[22],"have":[23,84],"shown":[24],"to":[25,35,133,159,191,198],"improve":[26],"the":[27,78,93,125,140,153,174],"accuracy":[28],"confidence":[30],"in":[31,54,92],"threat":[32],"detection":[33,101,165,189],"compared":[34,182],"previous":[36],"approaches,":[37],"making":[38],"it":[39],"suitable":[40],"for":[41,67,118,144],"detecting":[42],"today\u2019s":[43],"sophisticated":[44],"attacks":[45,178],"such":[46,90,105],"as":[47,91],"Distributed":[48],"Denial":[49],"Service":[51],"(DDoS).":[52],"However,":[53],"real-world":[55],"deployments,":[56],"input":[57,75,155],"data":[58,136,141,154],"streams":[59],"take":[60],"large":[61],"bandwidth":[62,86],"processing":[64],"capacity,":[65],"especially":[66],"Deep":[68],"(DL)":[70],"extensive":[74],"data.":[76],"On":[77],"other":[79],"hand,":[80],"deployment":[81],"environments":[82],"usually":[83],"limited":[85],"computing":[88],"resources,":[89],"Internet":[94],"Things":[96],"(IoT).":[97],"Thus,":[98],"lightweight":[100],"solution":[102],"satisfies":[104],"constraints":[106],"is":[107,131],"needed.":[108],"In":[109],"this":[110],"paper,":[111],"we":[112,150],"utilize":[113],"feature":[115],"reduction":[116],"approach":[117],"our":[119,183,194],"DL-based":[120,187],"DDoS":[121,177,188],"detector":[122],"based":[123],"on":[124],"Analysis":[126],"Variance":[128],"(ANOVA),":[129],"which":[130],"used":[132],"identify":[134],"important":[135],"features":[137],"reduce":[139,152],"inputs":[142],"needed":[143,156],"detection.":[145],"Our":[146],"result":[147],"shows":[148],"can":[151],"by":[157],"up":[158],"84.21%":[160],"while":[161],"only":[162],"reducing":[163],"0.1%":[164],"accuracy.":[166],"We":[167],"also":[168],"provide":[169],"detailed":[171],"analysis":[172],"characteristics":[175],"using":[179],"ANOVA":[180],"work":[184],"with":[185],"recent":[186],"systems":[190],"demonstrate":[192],"results":[195],"are":[196],"comparable":[197],"existing":[199],"approaches.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}