{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3191274264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500383","title":"The use of Grid- sizes Clustering and K-means Algorithms to enhance the QoS in LEACH protocol","display_name":"The use of Grid- sizes Clustering and K-means Algorithms to enhance the QoS in LEACH protocol","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3191274264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500383","mag":"3191274264"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500383","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2021 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052882555","display_name":"Rahma Gantassi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5833-3914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63596082","display_name":"Tunis El Manar University","ror":"https://ror.org/029cgt552","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63596082"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rahma Gantassi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication System Laboratory Sys'Com (ENIT), University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis, Tunisia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication System Laboratory Sys'Com (ENIT), University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63596082"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069812249","display_name":"Bechir Ben Gouissem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4748-4001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63596082","display_name":"Tunis El Manar University","ror":"https://ror.org/029cgt552","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63596082"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bechir Ben Gouissem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication System Laboratory Sys'Com (ENIT), University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis, Tunisia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication System Laboratory Sys'Com (ENIT), University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63596082"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085749623","display_name":"Jalel Ben\u2010Othman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107720","display_name":"CentraleSup\u00e9lec","ror":"https://ror.org/019tcpt25","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jalel Ben Othman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Signals and Systems Laboratory (L2S), Paris-Saclay University CentraleSupelec (CNRS), France","Sorbonne University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signals and Systems Laboratory (L2S), Paris-Saclay University CentraleSupelec (CNRS), France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107720","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sorbonne University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052882555"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63596082"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2225,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80317233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.972599983215332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7705566883087158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.7086707353591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6842638254165649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.6838715672492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6467452645301819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5783930420875549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.549113392829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5473071932792664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4751039743423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.385611891746521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.3141764998435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12073147296905518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.11495286226272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.06818726658821106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7705566883087158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.7086707353591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6842638254165649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.6838715672492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6467452645301819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5783930420875549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.549113392829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5473071932792664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4751039743423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.385611891746521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.3141764998435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12073147296905518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11495286226272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.06818726658821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500383","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2021 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976817305","https://openalex.org/W2061376091","https://openalex.org/W2086826630","https://openalex.org/W2106335692","https://openalex.org/W2111162011","https://openalex.org/W2114628242","https://openalex.org/W2155864758","https://openalex.org/W2164919086","https://openalex.org/W2476643460","https://openalex.org/W2625590991","https://openalex.org/W2753986954","https://openalex.org/W2771010023","https://openalex.org/W2989072301","https://openalex.org/W3015027621","https://openalex.org/W6676974665","https://openalex.org/W6676981488"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975451135","https://openalex.org/W3148968234","https://openalex.org/W2890570089","https://openalex.org/W2989915292","https://openalex.org/W2295628284","https://openalex.org/W2323516465","https://openalex.org/W145760256","https://openalex.org/W2084724079","https://openalex.org/W4246416108","https://openalex.org/W2111773953"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"sensor":[1,134],"networks":[2],"(WSNs)":[3],"are":[4],"gaining":[5],"an":[6],"increasing":[7],"attention":[8],"due":[9],"to":[10,55,92,97,122],"their":[11,15,94],"omnipresent":[12],"nature":[13],"and":[14,23,118,145],"wide":[16],"deployment":[17],"in":[18,44],"the":[19,35,57,73,80,87,98,101,115],"Internet":[20],"of":[21,37,41,59],"Things":[22],"other":[24],"emerging":[25],"fields.":[26],"Despite":[27],"this":[28,49],"importance,":[29],"little":[30],"researchers":[31],"focused":[32],"on":[33,68],"enhancing":[34],"Quality":[36],"Service":[38],"(QoS)":[39],"criteria":[40,120],"WSNs,":[42],"particularly":[43],"hierarchical":[45,60],"routing":[46,61],"protocol.":[47,70],"Therefore,":[48],"study":[50],"proposed":[51],"a":[52],"new":[53],"protocol":[54,128,136,143],"enhance":[56,114],"QoS":[58,119],"protocols.":[62,151],"In":[63],"particular,":[64],"LEACH-G-K":[65,71,112],"is":[66,90,104],"based":[67],"LEACH":[69,150],"divided":[72],"area":[74],"into":[75],"equal":[76],"size":[77],"clusters":[78],"using":[79],"grid":[81],"function.":[82],"Then,":[83],"for":[84],"each":[85],"cluster,":[86],"K-means":[88],"algorithms":[89],"applied":[91],"gather":[93],"nodes":[95],"near":[96],"centroid,":[99],"where":[100],"cluster":[102],"head":[103],"located.":[105],"The":[106],"obtained":[107],"simulation":[108],"results":[109],"showed":[110],"that":[111],"can":[113],"energy":[116,149],"consumption":[117],"compared":[121],"Low":[123,138],"Energy":[124,132,139],"Adaptive":[125,140],"Clustering":[126,141],"Hierarchy":[127],"(LEACH),":[129],"Threshold":[130],"Sensitive":[131],"Efficient":[133],"Network":[135],"(TEEN),":[137],"Hierarchy-KMeans":[142],"(LEACH-K)":[144],"MDC":[146],"maximum":[147],"residual":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
