{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3165655928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500367","title":"SPATO: A Student Project Allocation Based Task Offloading in IoT-Fog Systems","display_name":"SPATO: A Student Project Allocation Based Task Offloading in IoT-Fog Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3165655928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500367","mag":"3165655928"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500367","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500367","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2021 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.10715","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014710220","display_name":"Chittaranjan Swain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4579-1419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16292982","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Rourkela","ror":"https://ror.org/011gmn932","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chittaranjan Swain","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Rourkela,India","National Institute of Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Rourkela,INDIA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Rourkela,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Rourkela,INDIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055673038","display_name":"Manmath Narayan Sahoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16292982","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Rourkela","ror":"https://ror.org/011gmn932","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manmath Narayan Sahoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Rourkela,India","National Institute of Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Rourkela,INDIA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Rourkela,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Rourkela,INDIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023176596","display_name":"Anurag Satpathy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7201-3463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16292982","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Rourkela","ror":"https://ror.org/011gmn932","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anurag Satpathy","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Rourkela,India","National Institute of Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Rourkela,INDIA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Rourkela,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Rourkela,INDIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014710220"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3185,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59574693,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8495997190475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6969536542892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.6527082920074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5976994037628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5905672907829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.5569797158241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5362052321434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5233489871025085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.47918403148651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.47217363119125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4590860903263092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue","display_name":"Revenue","score":0.4551226794719696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4535175859928131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fog-computing","display_name":"Fog computing","score":0.4518253207206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.18655064702033997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1663430631160736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.139827698469162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12537145614624023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8495997190475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6969536542892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.6527082920074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5976994037628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5905672907829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.5569797158241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5362052321434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5233489871025085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.47918403148651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.47217363119125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4590860903263092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.4551226794719696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4535175859928131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986652147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21809931","display_name":"Fog computing","level":3,"score":0.4518253207206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.18655064702033997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1663430631160736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.139827698469162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12537145614624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500367","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500367","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2021 - IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2105.10715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.10715","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.10715","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3165655928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.10715.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2105.10715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2105.10715","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2105.10715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.10715","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.10715","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3165655928.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3165655928.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012500540","https://openalex.org/W2414114959","https://openalex.org/W2482293012","https://openalex.org/W2564566221","https://openalex.org/W2581032613","https://openalex.org/W2794564324","https://openalex.org/W2887882740","https://openalex.org/W2897099070","https://openalex.org/W2916809502","https://openalex.org/W2917823826","https://openalex.org/W2945233415","https://openalex.org/W2964015972","https://openalex.org/W2980048925","https://openalex.org/W2986151567","https://openalex.org/W2994654853","https://openalex.org/W3008403241","https://openalex.org/W3087990754","https://openalex.org/W3114701794","https://openalex.org/W6730999400"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3190552044","https://openalex.org/W3137939843","https://openalex.org/W2917292079","https://openalex.org/W3033036004","https://openalex.org/W3196829739","https://openalex.org/W3038860008","https://openalex.org/W3156493985","https://openalex.org/W2909089926","https://openalex.org/W3033149514","https://openalex.org/W2904682251","https://openalex.org/W2946116127","https://openalex.org/W3134396233","https://openalex.org/W3025527686","https://openalex.org/W2763879805","https://openalex.org/W3163083536","https://openalex.org/W2531208772","https://openalex.org/W3024079099","https://openalex.org/W2903434459","https://openalex.org/W3128816506","https://openalex.org/W3181861635"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,25,42],"Things":[3],"(IoT)":[4],"devices":[5,29,71],"are":[6],"highly":[7],"reliant":[8],"on":[9],"cloud":[10,26],"systems":[11],"to":[12,21,85,145],"meet":[13],"their":[14,168],"storage":[15],"and":[16,91,97,100,150,155,157],"computational":[17],"demands.":[18],"However,":[19],"due":[20],"the":[22,60,77,147,159],"remote":[23],"location":[24],"servers,":[27],"IoT":[28,44,70,83],"often":[30,53],"suffer":[31],"from":[32,69,93,104,134],"intermittent":[33],"Wide":[34],"Area":[35],"Network":[36],"(WAN)":[37],"latency":[38,90,151],"which":[39],"makes":[40],"execution":[41],"delay-critical":[43],"applications":[45],"inconceivable.":[46],"To":[47],"overcome":[48],"this,":[49],"service":[50],"providers":[51],"(SPs)":[52],"deploy":[54],"multiple":[55],"fog":[56],"nodes":[57],"(FNs)":[58],"at":[59],"network":[61],"edge":[62],"that":[63,128,141],"helps":[64],"in":[65,111],"executing":[66,166],"offloaded":[67],"computations":[68],"with":[72,163],"improved":[73],"user":[74],"experience.":[75],"As":[76],"FNs":[78,86],"have":[79],"limited":[80],"resources,":[81],"matching":[82],"services":[84],"while":[87],"ensuring":[88],"minimum":[89],"energy":[92,149],"an":[94],"end-user\u2019s":[95],"perspective":[96],"maximizing":[98],"revenue":[99,160],"tasks":[101,165],"meeting":[102],"deadlines":[103],"a":[105,116],"SP\u2019s":[106],"standpoint":[107],"is":[108,143],"challenging.":[109],"Therefore":[110],"this":[112],"paper,":[113],"we":[114],"propose":[115],"student":[117],"project":[118],"allocation":[119],"(SPA)":[120],"based":[121],"efficient":[122],"task":[123],"offloading":[124,148],"strategy":[125],"called":[126],"SPATO":[127,142],"takes":[129],"into":[130],"account":[131],"key":[132],"parameters":[133],"different":[135],"stakeholders.":[136],"Thorough":[137],"simulation":[138],"analysis":[139],"shows":[140],"able":[144],"reduce":[146],"respectively":[152],"by":[153,161],"29%":[154],"40%":[156],"improves":[158],"25%":[162],"99.3%":[164],"within":[167],"deadline.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
