{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3046133755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc40277.2020.9148850","title":"Cyber Security of Smart Grid: Attacks and Defenses","display_name":"Cyber Security of Smart Grid: Attacks and Defenses","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3046133755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc40277.2020.9148850","mag":"3046133755"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc40277.2020.9148850","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc40277.2020.9148850","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066987043","display_name":"Tu N. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7184-4102"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tu N. Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Purdue University Fort Wayne, IN, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Purdue University Fort Wayne, IN, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040230347","display_name":"Bing-Hong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9267-0447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing-Hong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394","https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101878626","display_name":"Nam P. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-8224"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nam P. Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Towson University, MD, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Towson University, MD, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031602750","display_name":"Jung-Te Chou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung-Te Chou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394","https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066987043"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.1941,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":107,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99297252,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.7966843247413635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7403414249420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascading-failure","display_name":"Cascading failure","score":0.7302126288414001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6691129803657532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependence","display_name":"Interdependence","score":0.609205424785614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-assessment","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","score":0.5963585376739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","score":0.5943576693534851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5338529348373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5234200954437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.515751838684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4955340623855591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4516635239124298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.449457049369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure-protection","display_name":"Critical infrastructure protection","score":0.4105423390865326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.1851549744606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17507809400558472}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.7966843247413635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7403414249420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119323957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048226","display_name":"Cascading failure","level":4,"score":0.7302126288414001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6691129803657532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Interdependence","level":2,"score":0.609205424785614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.5963585376739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.5943576693534851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5338529348373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5234200954437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.515751838684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4955340623855591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4516635239124298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.449457049369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779033394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186733","display_name":"Critical infrastructure protection","level":3,"score":0.4105423390865326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.1851549744606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17507809400558472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc40277.2020.9148850","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc40277.2020.9148850","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1530430827","https://openalex.org/W1695696739","https://openalex.org/W1776407025","https://openalex.org/W1909467347","https://openalex.org/W1969253136","https://openalex.org/W1980092375","https://openalex.org/W1995031472","https://openalex.org/W2029446424","https://openalex.org/W2033225140","https://openalex.org/W2313171746","https://openalex.org/W2328077674","https://openalex.org/W2329617807","https://openalex.org/W2343473715","https://openalex.org/W2344850504","https://openalex.org/W2381162371","https://openalex.org/W2605975982","https://openalex.org/W2765221199","https://openalex.org/W2985351949","https://openalex.org/W6637524297","https://openalex.org/W6639779584","https://openalex.org/W6709565191","https://openalex.org/W6736073014"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3204651252","https://openalex.org/W2372184322","https://openalex.org/W2023338215","https://openalex.org/W2601754046","https://openalex.org/W2897860375","https://openalex.org/W3172735891","https://openalex.org/W2397269489","https://openalex.org/W4280579377","https://openalex.org/W1589829976","https://openalex.org/W4385548868"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"of":[1,15,31,43,55,62,92,144,152,157,180,197],"today's":[2],"infrastructure":[3],"systems":[4],"can":[5],"be":[6],"efficiently":[7],"operated":[8],"thanks":[9],"to":[10,25,64,70,80,140,170,201,206],"the":[11,16,32,35,38,41,50,56,60,66,72,77,84,96,126,134,142,150,162,186,211],"intelligent":[12],"power":[13],"supply":[14],"smart":[17,20,39,73,163,181],"grids.":[18],"However,":[19,106],"grids":[21],"are":[22],"highly":[23],"vulnerable":[24],"malicious":[26],"attacks,":[27],"that":[28,154],"is,":[29],"because":[30],"interplay":[33],"between":[34,146],"components":[36,46,69,147,209],"in":[37,49,178,210],"grids,":[40],"failure":[42,52],"some":[44],"critical":[45,68,135,158,208],"may":[47],"result":[48],"cascading":[51],"and":[53,102,122,175],"breakdown":[54],"whole":[57],"system.":[58],"Therefore,":[59],"question":[61],"how":[63],"identify":[65,207],"most":[67,125],"protect":[71],"grid":[74,164,182],"system":[75,97,212],"is":[76,155,200],"first":[78],"challenge":[79],"operators.":[81],"To":[82],"enable":[83],"system's":[85],"robustness,":[86],"there":[87],"has":[88],"been":[89],"a":[90,172,215],"lot":[91],"effort":[93],"aimed":[94],"at":[95],"analysis,":[98],"designing":[99],"new":[100,104],"architectures,":[101],"proposing":[103],"algorithms.":[105],"these":[107],"works":[108],"mainly":[109],"introduce":[110],"different":[111],"ranking":[112],"methods":[113,138],"for":[114],"link":[115],"(transmission":[116],"line)":[117],"or":[118,130],"node":[119],"(station)":[120],"identification":[121],"directly":[123],"select":[124],"highest":[127],"degree":[128],"nodes":[129],"common":[131],"links":[132],"as":[133],"ones.":[136],"These":[137],"fail":[139],"address":[141],"problem":[143,177],"interdependencies":[145],"nor":[148],"consider":[149],"role":[151],"users":[153],"one":[156],"factors":[159],"impacting":[160],"on":[161],"vulnerability":[165,183],"assessment.":[166],"This":[167],"motivates":[168],"us":[169],"study":[171],"more":[173],"general":[174],"practical":[176],"terms":[179],"assessment,":[184],"namely":[185],"Maximum-Impact":[187],"through":[188],"Critical-Line":[189],"with":[190],"Limited":[191],"Budget":[192],"(MICLLB)":[193],"problem.":[194],"The":[195],"objective":[196],"this":[198],"research":[199],"provide":[202],"an":[203],"efficient":[204],"method":[205],"by":[213],"considering":[214],"realistic":[216],"attack":[217],"scenario.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":57}],"updated_date":"2026-03-06T13:50:29.536080","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
