{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2959466239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2019.8761920","title":"Spectrogram-Based Simultaneous Heartbeat and Blink Detection using Doppler Sensor","display_name":"Spectrogram-Based Simultaneous Heartbeat and Blink Detection using Doppler Sensor","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2959466239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2019.8761920","mag":"2959466239"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2019.8761920","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2019.8761920","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008604168","display_name":"Kohei Yamamoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9669-3566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kohei Yamamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066312369","display_name":"Kentaroh Toyoda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6233-3121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kentaroh Toyoda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Computer Science, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Computer Science, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016337773","display_name":"Tomoaki Ohtsuki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3961-1426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomoaki Ohtsuki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Computer Science, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Computer Science, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9775,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70249502,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heartbeat","display_name":"Heartbeat","score":0.9269702434539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrogram","display_name":"Spectrogram","score":0.7292789816856384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6175085306167603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5446817278862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.508014440536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4094112515449524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.36991816759109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3657606244087219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.33244797587394714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0859774649143219}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13852961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021880","display_name":"Heartbeat","level":2,"score":0.9269702434539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45273575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578970","display_name":"Spectrogram","level":2,"score":0.7292789816856384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6175085306167603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5446817278862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.508014440536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4094112515449524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.36991816759109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3657606244087219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.33244797587394714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0859774649143219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2019.8761920","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2019.8761920","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538006934","https://openalex.org/W1985694466","https://openalex.org/W1991446846","https://openalex.org/W2012427412","https://openalex.org/W2028636860","https://openalex.org/W2071541134","https://openalex.org/W2090269566","https://openalex.org/W2097063432","https://openalex.org/W2163592070","https://openalex.org/W2168584464","https://openalex.org/W2193763775","https://openalex.org/W2286482604","https://openalex.org/W2538294022","https://openalex.org/W2583655402","https://openalex.org/W2727711922","https://openalex.org/W2740067166","https://openalex.org/W2741566575","https://openalex.org/W2787235938","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W6632459411","https://openalex.org/W6684708716"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385543909","https://openalex.org/W2530685530","https://openalex.org/W4375868962","https://openalex.org/W2011227383","https://openalex.org/W3039320222","https://openalex.org/W3199640442","https://openalex.org/W2088854863","https://openalex.org/W1898280036","https://openalex.org/W2897924318","https://openalex.org/W2138997758"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Heartbeats":[0],"and":[1,16,27,45,56,66,81,107,109,119,131,152,200,249,264],"a":[2,37,104,120,127,153,158,176,180,183,187,194,244,247,250],"blink":[3,46,57,82,132,181],"are":[4,68,160,211,237],"two":[5,91],"major":[6],"physiological":[7],"signals":[8],"that":[9,146],"provide":[10],"crucial":[11],"information":[12],"on":[13,157,186,206],"our":[14,252],"stress":[15],"drowsiness.":[17],"Hence,":[18],"it":[19],"is":[20,164],"highly":[21],"demanded":[22],"to":[23,40,142,150,179,223,257,260],"detect":[24,262],"simultaneously":[25,70,261],"heartbeats":[26,65,118,151,210,263],"blinks":[28,67,265],"in":[29,48,232],"many":[30,52],"applications.":[31],"A":[32],"Doppler":[33,53,73,136,241],"sensor":[34,242],"could":[35],"be":[36,148,258],"key":[38],"device":[39],"facilitate":[41],"the":[42,75,94,111,114,139,144,155,169,172,197,201,207,214,220,225,230,233],"non-contact":[43],"heartbeat":[44,55,80,130,227],"detection":[47,58,76,83,133,163],"daily":[49],"life.":[50],"Although":[51],"sensor-based":[54],"methods":[59,84],"have":[60],"been":[61,255],"independently":[62],"proposed,":[63],"when":[64],"detected":[69,212],"with":[71,193,266],"one":[72,135,240],"sensor,":[74],"accuracies":[77],"of":[78,88,99,113,117,171,196],"such":[79],"get":[85],"degraded":[86],"because":[87],"at":[89],"least":[90],"issues:":[92],"(i)":[93],"low":[95],"SNR":[96],"(Signal-to-Noise":[97],"Ratio)":[98],"each":[100],"signal":[101],"reflected":[102],"from":[103,239],"subject's":[105],"chest":[106,248],"face,":[108,251],"(ii)":[110],"similarity":[112],"spectrum":[115,174],"distribution":[116],"blink.":[121],"In":[122,138],"this":[123],"paper,":[124],"we":[125],"propose":[126],"spectrogram-based":[128],"simultaneous":[129],"using":[134],"sensor.":[137],"proposed":[140],"method,":[141],"extract":[143],"spectra":[145,156],"might":[147],"due":[149,178],"blink,":[154],"spectrogram":[159],"integrated.":[161],"Blink":[162],"then":[165],"performed":[166],"by":[167],"classifying":[168],"peaks":[170],"integrated":[173],"into":[175],"peak":[177,222],"or":[182],"non-blink":[184,208],"based":[185],"supervised":[188],"machine":[189],"learning":[190],"classifier":[191],"trained":[192],"set":[195],"time":[198],"domain":[199,203],"time-frequency":[202],"features.":[204],"Based":[205],"peaks,":[209],"considering":[213],"RRI":[215],"(R-R":[216],"Interval)":[217],"estimated":[218],"before":[219],"investigated":[221],"prevent":[224],"incorrect":[226],"detection.":[228],"Through":[229],"experiments":[231],"case":[234],"where":[235],"microwaves":[236],"transmitted":[238],"toward":[243],"body":[245],"including":[246],"proposal":[253],"has":[254],"shown":[256],"able":[259],"high":[267],"accuracy.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}