{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2950225240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2019.8761240","title":"A Deep Dive Into Blockchain Selfish Mining","display_name":"A Deep Dive Into Blockchain Selfish Mining","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2950225240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2019.8761240","mag":"2950225240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2019.8761240","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2019.8761240","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044219929","display_name":"Qianlan Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-285X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianlan Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University","[School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035700332","display_name":"Xinyan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3887-8121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University","[School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101728051","display_name":"Xing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-4994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Fudan University","[School of Computer Science and Technology, Fudan University]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Computer Science and Technology, Fudan University]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063792608","display_name":"Yuedong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4168-3998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuedong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University","[School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100327905","display_name":"Xin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1665-8398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Fudan University","[School of Computer Science and Technology, Fudan University]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Computer Science and Technology, Fudan University]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019104860","display_name":"Qingsheng Kong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingsheng Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University","[School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2018","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10974","display_name":"Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis","score":0.9495999813079834,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9495999813079834,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.8872950077056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profitability-index","display_name":"Profitability index","score":0.8695586919784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.6777850389480591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.5602836608886719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5576025247573853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5078335404396057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4820069372653961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.39059004187583923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3707036077976227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.2599050998687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.11694693565368652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.07255882024765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.06777924299240112}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.8872950077056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.8695586919784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.6777850389480591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5602836608886719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5576025247573853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5078335404396057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4820069372653961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.39059004187583923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3707036077976227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2599050998687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.11694693565368652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.07255882024765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.06777924299240112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2019.8761240","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2019.8761240","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICC 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"mag:2950225240","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/iacr/iacr2018.html#BaiZWXWK18","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764847869","display_name":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614454"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cryptology ePrint Archive"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2738891482","https://openalex.org/W2805943963","https://openalex.org/W6631441790","https://openalex.org/W6753751735"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963822137","https://openalex.org/W2785808326","https://openalex.org/W3098407052","https://openalex.org/W2046655190","https://openalex.org/W2182451510","https://openalex.org/W2395787688","https://openalex.org/W2914716260","https://openalex.org/W3183857017","https://openalex.org/W2263222003","https://openalex.org/W2119514226","https://openalex.org/W1557887323","https://openalex.org/W2920954957","https://openalex.org/W1498316895","https://openalex.org/W2883888919","https://openalex.org/W2951559121","https://openalex.org/W2128041916","https://openalex.org/W2923142034","https://openalex.org/W1914856811","https://openalex.org/W2891711510","https://openalex.org/W2382916759"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"studies":[2],"a":[3,29,50,101],"fundamental":[4],"problem":[5],"regarding":[6],"the":[7,13,20,38,58,73,89,105,113,116,122],"security":[8],"of":[9,15,22,40,61,69,76,104,115,118],"blockchain":[10],"on":[11,127],"how":[12],"existence":[14],"multiple":[16],"misbehaving":[17],"pools":[18,124],"influences":[19],"profitability":[21],"selfish":[23,26,91,119,129],"mining.":[24,130],"Each":[25],"miner":[27],"maintains":[28],"private":[30,64],"chain":[31,53],"and":[32,63],"makes":[33],"it":[34],"public":[35,62],"opportunistically":[36],"for":[37],"purpose":[39],"acquiring":[41],"more":[42,125],"rewards":[43],"incommensurate":[44],"to":[45,55,86],"his":[46],"Hashrate.":[47],"We":[48],"establish":[49],"novel":[51],"Markov":[52],"model":[54],"characterize":[56],"all":[57],"state":[59],"transitions":[60],"chains.":[65],"The":[66,83,108],"minimum":[67,74],"requirement":[68,103],"Hashrate":[70,98,117],"together":[71],"with":[72,88,96,112],"delay":[75,110],"being":[77],"profitable":[78,106,109],"is":[79],"derived":[80],"in":[81],"close-form.":[82],"former":[84],"reduces":[85],"21.48%":[87],"symmetric":[90],"miners,":[92,120],"while":[93],"their":[94],"competition":[95],"asymmetric":[97],"puts":[99],"forward":[100],"higher":[102],"threshold.":[107],"increases":[111],"decrease":[114],"making":[121],"mining":[123],"cautious":[126],"performing":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}