{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2886851384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2018.8422541","title":"Pilot Sequence Length and BS Location Optimization in Massive MIMO Heterogeneous Cellular Networks","display_name":"Pilot Sequence Length and BS Location Optimization in Massive MIMO Heterogeneous Cellular Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2886851384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2018.8422541","mag":"2886851384"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2018.8422541","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2018.8422541","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101700210","display_name":"Noha Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2122-2203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Noha Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022698330","display_name":"Xavier Fernando","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7120-528X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xavier N. Fernando","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101700210"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07578701,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7079153060913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6888638734817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6547058820724487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.6239221096038818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poisson-point-process","display_name":"Poisson point process","score":0.6141716241836548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-network","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","score":0.5703264474868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.5408596992492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.5104188323020935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4898943305015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.48741987347602844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-geometry","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","score":0.4480955898761749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooperative-mimo","display_name":"Cooperative MIMO","score":0.44408583641052246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4183439016342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.40127304196357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.37171220779418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.3611297607421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.336932897567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-process","display_name":"Point process","score":0.31274789571762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2693282663822174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.17808863520622253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1626422107219696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07869729399681091}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7079153060913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6888638734817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6547058820724487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.6239221096038818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16757284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145117","display_name":"Poisson point process","level":3,"score":0.6141716241836548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.5703264474868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.5408596992492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.5104188323020935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4898943305015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.48741987347602844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31243852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666739","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","level":2,"score":0.4480955898761749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778079784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25000112","display_name":"Cooperative MIMO","level":5,"score":0.44408583641052246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4183439016342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.40127304196357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37171220779418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.3611297607421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.336932897567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88871306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208287","display_name":"Point process","level":2,"score":0.31274789571762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2693282663822174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.17808863520622253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1626422107219696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07869729399681091}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2018.8422541","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2018.8422541","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583464773","https://openalex.org/W1974132728","https://openalex.org/W2014819932","https://openalex.org/W2015448805","https://openalex.org/W2083561767","https://openalex.org/W2091058330","https://openalex.org/W2109017219","https://openalex.org/W2121315337","https://openalex.org/W2138131170","https://openalex.org/W2138648140","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2324263285","https://openalex.org/W2336972884","https://openalex.org/W2554686379","https://openalex.org/W2567045097","https://openalex.org/W2575375166","https://openalex.org/W2750780858","https://openalex.org/W2964213300"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2591746957","https://openalex.org/W4252323550","https://openalex.org/W2065735671","https://openalex.org/W2964313726","https://openalex.org/W1605198231","https://openalex.org/W3007555197","https://openalex.org/W4362659870","https://openalex.org/W3033996344","https://openalex.org/W2010129028","https://openalex.org/W2061819184"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Heterogeneous":[0],"networks":[1,80,102],"(HetNets),":[2],"with":[3,148],"low":[4,72],"power":[5,73],"nodes":[6],"and":[7,56,86,114,145],"distributed":[8],"antennas":[9],"will":[10],"be":[11],"an":[12,64,121],"integral":[13],"part":[14],"of":[15,47,71,128],"5G":[16],"wireless":[17],"networks.":[18],"Finding":[19],"optimum":[20,69],"Micro/Pico":[21],"base":[22],"station":[23],"(BS)":[24],"locations":[25],"covering":[26],"all":[27],"tiers":[28],"is":[29],"a":[30,93,129,135],"challenging":[31],"issue.":[32],"Poisson":[33],"point":[34],"process":[35],"(PPP)":[36],"stochastic":[37],"model":[38,123,144],"has":[39],"been":[40],"adopted":[41],"to":[42,66,81,84,109,124],"decide":[43],"the":[44,68,126],"BS":[45],"location":[46,70],"in":[48,76,100,134],"cellular":[49],"networks,":[50],"where":[51],"cells":[52],"have":[53,119],"irregular":[54],"shapes":[55],"coverage":[57],"areas.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60],"paper,":[61],"we":[62,91],"develop":[63],"algorithm":[65],"find":[67],"Micro":[74],"BSs":[75],"high":[77],"demand":[78],"dense":[79],"improve":[82,110],"signal":[83],"interference":[85],"noise":[87],"ratio":[88],"(SINR).":[89],"Also,":[90],"discuss":[92],"novel":[94],"pilot":[95],"sequence":[96],"length":[97],"optimization":[98],"technique":[99],"multi-tier":[101],"for":[103],"better":[104],"performance":[105,127],"under":[106],"real":[107],"channels":[108],"sum":[111],"rate":[112],"capacity":[113],"mean":[115],"squared":[116],"error.":[117],"We":[118],"used":[120],"analytical":[122],"study":[125],"HetNet":[130],"massive":[131],"MIMO":[132],"system":[133],"rich":[136],"scattering":[137],"multipath":[138],"Rayleigh":[139],"fading":[140],"channel":[141],"using":[142],"Clarke":[143],"compared":[146],"it":[147],"simulation":[149],"results.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}