{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2596523355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2017.7996765","title":"Spatial quadrature modulation for visible light communication in indoor environment","display_name":"Spatial quadrature modulation for visible light communication in indoor environment","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2596523355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2017.7996765","mag":"2596523355"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2017.7996765","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2017.7996765","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059506565","display_name":"Diana W. Dawoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4777-2134"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diana W. Dawoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of communication systems, Guildford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of communication systems, Guildford, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074677171","display_name":"Fabien H\u00e9liot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3583-3435"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabien Heliot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of communication systems, Guildford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of communication systems, Guildford, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331811","display_name":"Muhammad Ali Imran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-9136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ali Imran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of communication systems, Guildford, UK","School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of communication systems, Guildford, UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032549075","display_name":"Rahim Tafazolli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-8639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahim Tafazolli","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GB"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GB","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6548,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89646019,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.97079998254776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.8143060207366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature","display_name":"Quadrature (astronomy)","score":0.7462359666824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.5992764830589294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5696230530738831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5412298440933228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.4626171886920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qam","display_name":"QAM","score":0.4256868362426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41187602281570435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.32687968015670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.3113565146923065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2281605303287506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.15658339858055115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10116901993751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.09847953915596008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.06551367044448853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.8143060207366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62869609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28137","display_name":"Quadrature (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.7462359666824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.5992764830589294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5696230530738831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5412298440933228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.4626171886920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59030546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265371","display_name":"QAM","level":5,"score":0.4256868362426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41187602281570435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.32687968015670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.3113565146923065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2281605303287506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.15658339858055115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10116901993751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.09847953915596008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.06551367044448853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2017.7996765","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2017.7996765","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.44SUR_INST:11139393200002346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"Open Research (University of Surrey)","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:135881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/37001.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Proceedings"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epubs.surrey.ac.uk:813796","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/813796/1/1570319750.pdf","pdf_url":"http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/813796/1/1570319750.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400680","display_name":"Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","host_organization_name":"University of Surrey","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525212576","https://openalex.org/W1966393174","https://openalex.org/W1984118916","https://openalex.org/W2064555066","https://openalex.org/W2088496743","https://openalex.org/W2090554585","https://openalex.org/W2152567496","https://openalex.org/W4239066252","https://openalex.org/W4256217385","https://openalex.org/W6646276423","https://openalex.org/W6673009763","https://openalex.org/W6682147813"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390873927","https://openalex.org/W2159438609","https://openalex.org/W2900995485","https://openalex.org/W2147334234","https://openalex.org/W3196902411","https://openalex.org/W2139936226","https://openalex.org/W1970526599","https://openalex.org/W3026565890","https://openalex.org/W2064534496","https://openalex.org/W2161389097"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,111,127,148,156],"novel":[4],"low-complexity":[5],"and":[6,65,93,105,118],"spectrally":[7],"efficient":[8],"modulation":[9,22,31,40,81],"scheme":[10],"for":[11,48,146],"visible":[12],"light":[13,51],"communication":[14],"(VLC)":[15],"is":[16,24,91,96],"proposed.":[17],"Our":[18],"new":[19],"spatial":[20,59,80],"quadrature":[21,38],"(SQM)":[23],"designed":[25],"to":[26,33,42,61,75,138],"efficiently":[27],"adapt":[28],"traditional":[29],"complex":[30,69],"schemes":[32],"VLC;":[34],"i.e.":[35],"converting":[36],"multi-level":[37],"amplitude":[39],"(M-QAM),":[41],"real-unipolar":[43],"symbols,":[44],"making":[45],"it":[46],"suitable":[47],"transmission":[49],"over":[50],"intensity.":[52],"The":[53,84],"proposed":[54,116],"SQM":[55,90,117,124],"relies":[56],"on":[57],"the":[58,63,68,94,115,139,142],"domain":[60],"convey":[62],"orthogonality":[64],"polarity":[66],"of":[67,89,141,150,158],"signals,":[70],"rather":[71],"than":[72],"mapping":[73],"bits":[74],"symbol":[76,86,129],"as":[77],"in":[78,144],"existing":[79],"(SM)":[82],"schemes.":[83],"detailed":[85],"error":[87,130],"analysis":[88],"derived":[92,106],"derivation":[95],"validated":[97],"with":[98],"link":[99],"level":[100],"simulation":[101,104],"results.":[102],"Using":[103],"results,":[107],"we":[108],"also":[109],"provide":[110],"performance":[112,136],"comparison":[113],"between":[114],"SM.":[119],"Simulation":[120],"results":[121],"demonstrate":[122],"that":[123],"could":[125],"achieve":[126],"better":[128],"rate":[131,135],"(SER)":[132],"and/or":[133],"data":[134],"compared":[137],"state":[140],"art":[143],"SM;":[145],"instance":[147],"Eb/Nogain":[149],"at":[151,155],"least":[152],"5":[153],"dB":[154],"SER":[157],"10\u22124.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
