{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2585414502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2017.7996337","title":"Covert communication with finite blocklength in AWGN channels","display_name":"Covert communication with finite blocklength in AWGN channels","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2585414502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2017.7996337","mag":"2585414502"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2017.7996337","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2017.7996337","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101931677","display_name":"Shihao Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4586-1926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shihao Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058687694","display_name":"Biao He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9907-7881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biao He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078140705","display_name":"Yirui Cong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yirui Cong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085818373","display_name":"Xiangyun Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8973-9079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyun Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5318,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95077886,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-white-gaussian-noise","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","score":0.7443888187408447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.7168119549751282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.7027603983879089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6521574854850769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6448237895965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.6246748566627502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.6158660650253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.47358399629592896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.45535141229629517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.39972102642059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33279135823249817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3223757743835449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2856799364089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.256772518157959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1542399525642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1485683023929596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1222098171710968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0854935348033905}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.7443888187408447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.7168119549751282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.7027603983879089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6521574854850769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6448237895965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.6246748566627502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6158660650253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.47358399629592896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45535141229629517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.39972102642059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33279135823249817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3223757743835449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2856799364089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.256772518157959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1542399525642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1485683023929596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1222098171710968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0854935348033905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2017.7996337","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2017.7996337","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au:1885/147673","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147673","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402539","display_name":"ANU Open Research (Australian National University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","host_organization_name":"Australian National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W581334404","https://openalex.org/W636358068","https://openalex.org/W1557711102","https://openalex.org/W1897081267","https://openalex.org/W1923046584","https://openalex.org/W1980201978","https://openalex.org/W2000226542","https://openalex.org/W2019707189","https://openalex.org/W2050285621","https://openalex.org/W2060500262","https://openalex.org/W2064039105","https://openalex.org/W2084796966","https://openalex.org/W2098346479","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2106864314","https://openalex.org/W2113706820","https://openalex.org/W2166828385","https://openalex.org/W2288246546","https://openalex.org/W2295172321","https://openalex.org/W2562742260","https://openalex.org/W2594393372","https://openalex.org/W3102020296","https://openalex.org/W3104101844","https://openalex.org/W3104938594","https://openalex.org/W6731349118","https://openalex.org/W6734489855"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3193940080","https://openalex.org/W1963570780","https://openalex.org/W4210267343","https://openalex.org/W3189692110","https://openalex.org/W4301105437","https://openalex.org/W4313482736","https://openalex.org/W4386260639","https://openalex.org/W2137509205","https://openalex.org/W2031440489","https://openalex.org/W2401256577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Covert":[0],"communication":[1,35],"is":[2,49,81,112,141],"to":[3,11,66,75,114,143,150],"achieve":[4],"a":[5,9,12,26,76,82],"reliable":[6],"transmission":[7,22,73],"from":[8],"transmitter":[10],"receiver":[13],"while":[14],"guaranteeing":[15],"an":[16],"arbitrarily":[17],"small":[18],"probability":[19],"of":[20,46,71],"this":[21,29],"being":[23],"detected":[24],"by":[25],"warden.":[27],"In":[28],"work,":[30],"we":[31,52],"study":[32],"the":[33,44,56,68,72,94,98,103,117,121,124,132,138,146,151,154,159],"covert":[34,78],"in":[36,42,90,123],"AWGN":[37],"channels":[38],"with":[39,145,158],"finite":[40],"blocklength,":[41,147],"which":[43,111,148],"number":[45],"channel":[47,61,87,109,130],"uses":[48,88],"finite.":[50],"Specifically,":[51],"analytically":[53],"prove":[54],"that":[55,153],"entire":[57,139],"block":[58,140],"(all":[59],"available":[60],"uses)":[62],"should":[63],"be":[64],"utilized":[65],"maximize":[67],"effective":[69,155],"throughput":[70,156],"subject":[74],"predetermined":[77],"requirement.":[79],"This":[80],"nontrivial":[83],"result":[84],"because":[85],"more":[86,91],"results":[89],"observations":[92],"at":[93],"warden":[95],"for":[96],"detecting":[97],"transmission.":[99],"We":[100],"also":[101],"determine":[102],"maximum":[104,125,133],"allowable":[105,126,134],"transmit":[106,127],"power":[107,128,136],"per":[108,129],"use,":[110,131],"shown":[113],"decrease":[115,122],"as":[116],"blocklength":[118],"increases.":[119],"Despite":[120],"total":[135],"over":[137],"proved":[142],"increase":[144],"leads":[149],"fact":[152],"increases":[157],"blocklength.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
