{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2475656729","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2016.7511231","title":"Unlocking the smartphone's senses for smart city parking","display_name":"Unlocking the smartphone's senses for smart city parking","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2475656729","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2016.7511231","mag":"2475656729"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2016.7511231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2016.7511231","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03155049","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002857688","display_name":"Jean-Gabriel Krieg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134560555","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier","ror":"https://ror.org/02v6kpv12","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134560555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131550300","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse-I-Capitole","ror":"https://ror.org/0443n9e75","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131550300"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119061","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/01rx4qw44","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I205747304","https://openalex.org/I4210119061","https://openalex.org/I4210152422","https://openalex.org/I4405258862","https://openalex.org/I4405259414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152422","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse - Jean Jaur\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/04ezk3x31","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152422"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160189","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/054qv7y42","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Gabriel Krieg","raw_affiliation_strings":["ALSETT","University of Toulouse, IRIT","IRIT-RMESS - R\u00e9seaux, Mobiles, Embarqu\u00e9s, Sans fil, Satellites (Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse - IRIT\r\n2 rue Charles Camichel \r\n31071 Toulouse Cedex 7 - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ALSETT","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toulouse, IRIT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I3131550300","https://openalex.org/I4210119061","https://openalex.org/I4210152422","https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRIT-RMESS - R\u00e9seaux, Mobiles, Embarqu\u00e9s, Sans fil, Satellites (Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse - IRIT\r\n2 rue Charles Camichel \r\n31071 Toulouse Cedex 7 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I3131550300","https://openalex.org/I4210119061","https://openalex.org/I4210152422","https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072845535","display_name":"Gentian Jakllari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5109-126X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134560555","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier","ror":"https://ror.org/02v6kpv12","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134560555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205747304","display_name":"Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/033p9g875","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205747304"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131550300","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse-I-Capitole","ror":"https://ror.org/0443n9e75","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131550300"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119061","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/01rx4qw44","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I205747304","https://openalex.org/I4210119061","https://openalex.org/I4210152422","https://openalex.org/I4405258862","https://openalex.org/I4405259414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152422","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse - Jean Jaur\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/04ezk3x31","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152422"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160189","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/054qv7y42","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gentian Jakllari","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toulouse, IRIT","IRIT-RMESS - R\u00e9seaux, Mobiles, Embarqu\u00e9s, Sans fil, Satellites (Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse - IRIT\r\n2 rue Charles Camichel \r\n31071 Toulouse Cedex 7 - France)","Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toulouse, IRIT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I3131550300","https://openalex.org/I4210119061","https://openalex.org/I4210152422","https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRIT-RMESS - R\u00e9seaux, Mobiles, Embarqu\u00e9s, Sans fil, Satellites (Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse - IRIT\r\n2 rue Charles Camichel \r\n31071 Toulouse Cedex 7 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I3131550300","https://openalex.org/I4210119061","https://openalex.org/I4210152422","https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205747304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089189474","display_name":"Hadrien Toma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194210350","display_name":"\u00c9cole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure d'Ing\u00e9nieurs de Caen","ror":"https://ror.org/01fpqqe90","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194210350","https://openalex.org/I4210105918"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadrien Toma","raw_affiliation_strings":["ALSETT","ENSICAEN - \u00c9cole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure d'Ing\u00e9nieurs de Caen (6, Boulevard du Mar\u00e9chal Juin CS 45053 14050 CAEN cedex 04 - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ALSETT","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENSICAEN - \u00c9cole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure d'Ing\u00e9nieurs de Caen (6, Boulevard du Mar\u00e9chal Juin CS 45053 14050 CAEN cedex 04 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194210350"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000288884","display_name":"Andr\u00e9\u2010Luc Beylot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9049-4723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134560555","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier","ror":"https://ror.org/02v6kpv12","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134560555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205747304","display_name":"Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/033p9g875","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205747304"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131550300","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse-I-Capitole","ror":"https://ror.org/0443n9e75","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131550300"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119061","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/01rx4qw44","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I205747304","https://openalex.org/I4210119061","https://openalex.org/I4210152422","https://openalex.org/I4405258862","https://openalex.org/I4405259414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152422","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse - Jean Jaur\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/04ezk3x31","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152422"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160189","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/054qv7y42","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andre-Luc Beylot","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toulouse, IRIT","IRIT-RMESS - R\u00e9seaux, Mobiles, Embarqu\u00e9s, Sans fil, Satellites (Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse - IRIT\r\n2 rue Charles Camichel \r\n31071 Toulouse Cedex 7 - France)","Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toulouse, IRIT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I3131550300","https://openalex.org/I4210119061","https://openalex.org/I4210152422","https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRIT-RMESS - R\u00e9seaux, Mobiles, Embarqu\u00e9s, Sans fil, Satellites (Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse - IRIT\r\n2 rue Charles Camichel \r\n31071 Toulouse Cedex 7 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I3131550300","https://openalex.org/I4210119061","https://openalex.org/I4210152422","https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205747304"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1338,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9585358,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3001","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6988933086395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.42199769616127014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.387592077255249}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6988933086395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.42199769616127014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.387592077255249}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2016.7511231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2016.7511231","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03155049v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03155049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7511231","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03155049v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03155049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7511231","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1897824230","https://openalex.org/W2012411921","https://openalex.org/W2020642377","https://openalex.org/W2026414543","https://openalex.org/W2097531960","https://openalex.org/W2104606180","https://openalex.org/W2105046342","https://openalex.org/W2108328714","https://openalex.org/W2108467170","https://openalex.org/W2111120706","https://openalex.org/W2111207525","https://openalex.org/W2131303606","https://openalex.org/W2136317921","https://openalex.org/W2156167000","https://openalex.org/W2290138861","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W3023520985","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6639845559","https://openalex.org/W6676424041"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Studies":[0],"have":[1,35,51],"shown":[2],"that":[3,61,75,176],"in":[4,171],"places":[5],"like":[6,32],"New":[7],"York":[8],"City":[9],"drivers":[10,41],"often":[11],"spend":[12],"over":[13],"20":[14],"min":[15],"looking":[16],"for":[17,79,219],"parking,":[18],"contributing":[19],"to":[20,42,64,123,190,227],"as":[21,23,55],"much":[22],"30%":[24],"of":[25,39,105,131,146,150,197],"the":[26,43,77,85,103,151,198,224],"total":[27],"traffic.":[28],"In":[29],"response,":[30],"cities":[31,174],"San":[33],"Francisco":[34],"deployed":[36],"systems":[37,50],"capable":[38],"pointing":[40],"closest":[44],"available":[45,137],"parking":[46,133],"spot.":[47],"Unfortunately,":[48],"such":[49],"gained":[52],"little":[53],"traction":[54],"they":[56,120],"rely":[57],"on":[58,84,108,207,211],"specialized":[59,80],"infrastructure":[60,81],"is":[62,201],"expensive":[63],"build":[65],"and":[66,88,91,115,154],"maintain.":[67],"We":[68],"present":[69],"SmartPark,":[70],"a":[71,127,132,144,155,204,212],"smartphone":[72],"based":[73,159],"system":[74],"relaxes":[76],"requirement":[78],"by":[82],"relying":[83],"smartphone's":[86],"sensors":[87],"ubiquitous":[89],"Wi-Fi":[90],"cellular":[92],"infrastructure.":[93],"To":[94],"accomplish":[95],"this,":[96],"SmartPark":[97,122,177,210],"addresses":[98,140],"two":[99],"major":[100],"challenges,":[101],"under":[102],"constraint":[104],"minimum":[106,205],"impact":[107,206],"battery":[109,208,225],"life:":[110],"automatic":[111],"transportation":[112,182],"mode":[113],"detection":[114],"location":[116],"matching.":[117],"Solved":[118],"together,":[119],"enable":[121],"automatically":[124],"detect":[125,192],"when":[126],"user":[128],"pulls":[129],"out":[130],"spot,":[134],"making":[135],"it":[136,189],"again.":[138],"It":[139],"each":[141],"challenge":[142],"using":[143,167],"combination":[145],"thorough":[147],"statistical":[148],"analysis":[149],"sensor":[152],"readings":[153],"novel":[156],"Random":[157],"Forest":[158],"classification":[160],"algorithm.":[161],"Experimental":[162],"results":[163],"from":[164],"12":[165],"volunteers,":[166],"7":[168],"different":[169,173,181],"smartphones,":[170],"3":[172],"show":[175],"can":[178],"distinguish":[179],"9":[180],"modes":[183],"with":[184,203],"accuracy":[185],"between":[186],"95.57-100%,":[187],"enabling":[188],"correctly":[191],"unparking":[193],"events":[194],"virtually":[195],"100%":[196],"time.":[199],"This":[200],"accomplished":[202],"life-running":[209],"fully":[213],"charged":[214],"LG":[215],"Google":[216],"Nexus":[217],"5":[218,220],"h":[221],"straight":[222],"caused":[223],"level":[226],"drop":[228],"only":[229],"about":[230],"4%.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
