{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2489275779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2016.7511072","title":"Tunable generation and angular steering of a millimeter-wave orbital-angular-momentum beam using differential time delays in a circular antenna array","display_name":"Tunable generation and angular steering of a millimeter-wave orbital-angular-momentum beam using differential time delays in a circular antenna array","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2489275779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2016.7511072","mag":"2489275779"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2016.7511072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2016.7511072","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025713697","display_name":"Guodong Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0037-8495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guodong Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100395074","display_name":"Yan Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6477-027X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043423268","display_name":"Zhe Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1819-5518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100408784","display_name":"Long Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9286-5284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041229741","display_name":"Yongxiong Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8291-883X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongxiong Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103579842","display_name":"Nisar Ahmed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nisar Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103736234","display_name":"Asher J. Willner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asher J. Willner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113778133","display_name":"Changjing Bao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changjing Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100407641","display_name":"Zhe Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-6769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056517330","display_name":"Cong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0089-0763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015484541","display_name":"Nima Ashrafi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52792670","display_name":"HealthPartners","ror":"https://ror.org/03s9ada67","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52792670"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nima Ashrafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["NxGen Partners, Dallas, TX, USA","University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NxGen Partners, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52792670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019364493","display_name":"Solyman Ashrafi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52792670","display_name":"HealthPartners","ror":"https://ror.org/03s9ada67","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52792670"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Solyman Ashrafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["NxGen Partners, Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NxGen Partners, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52792670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046386396","display_name":"Shilpa Talwar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7932-9815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shilpa Talwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs, Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs, Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064140154","display_name":"Soji Sajuyigbe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soji Sajuyigbe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs, Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs, Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019373620","display_name":"Moshe Tur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-8387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moshe Tur","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071725365","display_name":"Andreas F. Molisch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4779-4763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas F. Molisch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023448163","display_name":"Alan E. Willner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7339-4376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan E. Willner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":17,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.388,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89129746,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10490","display_name":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10490","display_name":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angular-momentum","display_name":"Angular momentum","score":0.8277638554573059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-steering","display_name":"Beam steering","score":0.6550882458686829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5923410058021545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5735638737678528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5618018507957458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.517203688621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.5066767334938049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.4403625726699829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20053628087043762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1818854808807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-mechanics","display_name":"Classical mechanics","score":0.05862462520599365}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155675718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161254","display_name":"Angular momentum","level":2,"score":0.8277638554573059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.6550882458686829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5923410058021545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5735638737678528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5618018507957458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.517203688621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.5066767334938049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.4403625726699829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20053628087043762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1818854808807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.05862462520599365}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2016.7511072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2016.7511072","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308668","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1425168826","https://openalex.org/W1976353140","https://openalex.org/W1976396446","https://openalex.org/W1990371040","https://openalex.org/W2000177503","https://openalex.org/W2007848520","https://openalex.org/W2009392222","https://openalex.org/W2013674306","https://openalex.org/W2033817908","https://openalex.org/W2038854086","https://openalex.org/W2055191201","https://openalex.org/W2059202513","https://openalex.org/W2090307075","https://openalex.org/W2097034408","https://openalex.org/W2115387184","https://openalex.org/W2120583949","https://openalex.org/W2121607567","https://openalex.org/W2124252998","https://openalex.org/W2130091446","https://openalex.org/W2133791277","https://openalex.org/W2169481269","https://openalex.org/W2332879295","https://openalex.org/W3097975178","https://openalex.org/W3102204358","https://openalex.org/W3123395030","https://openalex.org/W4248366565","https://openalex.org/W4298134855","https://openalex.org/W6702719110"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135356811","https://openalex.org/W3007982026","https://openalex.org/W4308082816","https://openalex.org/W2187863268","https://openalex.org/W4401358050","https://openalex.org/W2004890486","https://openalex.org/W2400319883","https://openalex.org/W3110694720","https://openalex.org/W2036271115","https://openalex.org/W3188630320"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"the":[3,50,55,59,80,84,88,95,100,123,128,136],"generation":[4,63],"and":[5,49,64,72],"steering":[6,26,66,81],"of":[7,45,47,61,87,97,109,135],"beams":[8,91],"carrying":[9],"orbital":[10,35],"angular":[11,36],"momentum":[12,37],"utilizing":[13],"a":[14,106],"custom-designed":[15],"circular":[16],"antenna":[17],"array":[18,56,129],"has":[19,40],"been":[20,41],"demonstrated":[21],"at":[22],"28":[23],"GHz.":[24],"A":[25],"angle":[27,82],"as":[28,30],"large":[29],"30":[31],"degrees":[32],"for":[33,116,132],"an":[34],"(OAM)":[38],"beam":[39,62,65],"achieved.":[42],"The":[43],"effect":[44],"number":[46,96,108],"antennas":[48,53,98,124],"distance":[51],"from":[52,127],"to":[54,58],"center":[57,130],"quality":[60],"is":[67,114],"investigated":[68],"through":[69],"both":[70],"experiments":[71],"simulations.":[73],"Our":[74],"results":[75],"indicate":[76],"that:":[77],"(1)":[78],"As":[79],"increases,":[83],"mode":[85,102,112],"purity":[86,113],"generated":[89],"OAM":[90,101,119,138],"decreases;":[92],"(2)":[93],"Increasing":[94],"improves":[99],"purity;":[103],"(3)":[104],"For":[105],"fixed":[107],"antennas,":[110],"high":[111],"observed":[115],"lower":[117],"order":[118],"modes;":[120],"(4)":[121],"Placing":[122],"farther":[125],"away":[126],"allows":[131],"reduced":[133],"divergence":[134],"generate":[137],"beams.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}