{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2476570966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2016.7510996","title":"Towards optimal outsourcing of service function chain across multiple clouds","display_name":"Towards optimal outsourcing of service function chain across multiple clouds","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2476570966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2016.7510996","mag":"2476570966"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2016.7510996","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2016.7510996","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100444120","display_name":"Huan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0410-3843"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Education Ministry of China, University of Electronic Science and Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Education Ministry of China, University of Electronic Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002960198","display_name":"Shizhong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4942-6638"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shizhong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Education Ministry of China, University of Electronic Science and Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Education Ministry of China, University of Electronic Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101967555","display_name":"Xiong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9932-6400"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Education Ministry of China, University of Electronic Science and Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Education Ministry of China, University of Electronic Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075889174","display_name":"Yangming Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4194-3024"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangming Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Education Ministry of China, University of Electronic Science and Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Education Ministry of China, University of Electronic Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100343481","display_name":"Ke Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2189-7967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Jiaotong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070306114","display_name":"Yang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9438-6060"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Education Ministry of China, University of Electronic Science and Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Education Ministry of China, University of Electronic Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100688855","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-7908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867306930","display_name":"Power Grid Corporation (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/0136vj189","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867306930"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Corporation"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867306930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065401649","display_name":"Le Min Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Min Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Education Ministry of China, University of Electronic Science and Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Education Ministry of China, University of Electronic Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100444120"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4744,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93134023,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing","display_name":"Outsourcing","score":0.8187485337257385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7416752576828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7403124570846558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.6494146585464478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5244156122207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.5225862264633179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5200738310813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider","display_name":"Service provider","score":0.4553951621055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-programming","display_name":"Linear programming","score":0.4456324875354767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4370347261428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.41220155358314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3845823407173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.37810584902763367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.376128226518631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.13943400979042053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.09867358207702637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07951560616493225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.8187485337257385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7416752576828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7403124570846558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.6494146585464478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5244156122207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.5225862264633179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5200738310813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.4553951621055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.4456324875354767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4370347261428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41220155358314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3845823407173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37810584902763367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.376128226518631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.13943400979042053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.09867358207702637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07951560616493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2016.7510996","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2016.7510996","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578960134","https://openalex.org/W1657161880","https://openalex.org/W1994043290","https://openalex.org/W1997650479","https://openalex.org/W2039612281","https://openalex.org/W2096053066","https://openalex.org/W2119326913","https://openalex.org/W2134929016","https://openalex.org/W2138314086","https://openalex.org/W2142384583","https://openalex.org/W2142972529","https://openalex.org/W2164740236","https://openalex.org/W2289096564","https://openalex.org/W2289495142","https://openalex.org/W3147254695","https://openalex.org/W6637066680","https://openalex.org/W6674554722","https://openalex.org/W6696009210"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2358200898","https://openalex.org/W2382515644","https://openalex.org/W1930396972","https://openalex.org/W4285278887","https://openalex.org/W2365237642","https://openalex.org/W2995925505","https://openalex.org/W2773399470","https://openalex.org/W3116484972","https://openalex.org/W2941986668","https://openalex.org/W4232431455"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"Network":[1],"Function":[2,25],"Virtualization":[3],"(NFV)":[4],"becomes":[5],"reality":[6],"and":[7],"cloud":[8,76],"computing":[9],"offers":[10],"a":[11],"scalable":[12],"pay-as-you-go":[13],"charging":[14],"model,":[15],"more":[16],"network":[17,83,144],"operators":[18],"would":[19],"like":[20],"to":[21,28,34,41,65,136,153],"outsource":[22],"their":[23],"Service":[24,49],"Chains":[26],"(SFC)":[27],"the":[29,36,43,92,159],"public":[30],"clouds":[31],"in":[32,146],"order":[33],"reduce":[35],"operational":[37,44],"cost.":[38],"However,":[39],"how":[40],"minimize":[42],"cost":[45,138,155],"with":[46,78,140,158],"Quality":[47],"of":[48,74,82,94,142,161],"(QoS)":[50],"guarantee":[51],"when":[52,69],"outsourcing":[53,95],"SFC":[54,118],"is":[55,89],"still":[56],"an":[57,103,112],"open":[58],"problem.":[59],"In":[60,85],"this":[61,67,100],"paper,":[62],"we":[63,98,110],"are":[64,71],"study":[66],"problem":[68,101],"there":[70],"large":[72],"number":[73],"candidate":[75],"providers":[77],"diverse":[79],"pricing":[80],"schemes":[81],"functions.":[84],"addition,":[86],"extra":[87],"delay":[88],"introduced":[90],"as":[91,102],"result":[93,160],"SFCs.":[96],"Firstly,":[97],"formulate":[99],"Integer":[104],"Linear":[105],"Programming":[106],"(ILP)":[107],"model.":[108],"Then":[109],"design":[111],"efficient":[113],"heuristic":[114],"algorithm":[115,120],"named":[116],"QoS-Guaranteed":[117],"Outsourcing":[119],"(QGSO)":[121],"based":[122,163],"on":[123],"Hidden":[124],"Markov":[125],"Model":[126],"(HMM).":[127],"The":[128],"extensive":[129],"simulations":[130],"show":[131],"that":[132,141],"QGSO":[133,149],"saves":[134],"up":[135,152],"75.8%":[137],"compared":[139,157],"deploying":[143],"functions":[145],"local":[147],"network.":[148],"also":[150],"achieves":[151],"42.6%":[154],"savings":[156],"first-fit":[162],"optimization":[164],"algorithm.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}