{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2100871735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2015.7248572","title":"Synchronization of mutually coupled digital PLLs in massive MIMO systems","display_name":"Synchronization of mutually coupled digital PLLs in massive MIMO systems","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2100871735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2015.7248572","mag":"2100871735"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2015.7248572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2015.7248572","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020995785","display_name":"David J. J\u00f6rg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5960-0260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111875","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01bf9rw71","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210111875"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David J. Jorg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden cfAED, Dresden, Germany","Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany","Max Planck institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden cfAED, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111875"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009485421","display_name":"Alexandros Pollakis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I245417339","display_name":"Vodafone (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/044qwkx83","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I245417339","https://openalex.org/I74316835"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"TU Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandros Pollakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden cfAED, Dresden, Germany","Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Vodafone Chair, Dresden, Germany","Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Vodafone Chair, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden cfAED, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Vodafone Chair, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965","https://openalex.org/I245417339"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Vodafone Chair, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I245417339","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023581308","display_name":"Lucas Wetzel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1165-8994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111875","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01bf9rw71","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210111875"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucas Wetzel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden cfAED, Dresden, Germany","Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany","Max Planck institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden cfAED, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111875"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025020703","display_name":"Marvin Dropp","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I245417339","display_name":"Vodafone (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/044qwkx83","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I245417339","https://openalex.org/I74316835"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"TU Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marvin Dropp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Vodafone Chair, Dresden, Germany","Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Vodafone Chair, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Vodafone Chair, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965","https://openalex.org/I245417339"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Vodafone Chair, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I245417339","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001955973","display_name":"Wolfgang Rave","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7920-0923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I245417339","display_name":"Vodafone (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/044qwkx83","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I245417339","https://openalex.org/I74316835"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"TU Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Rave","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden cfAED, Dresden, Germany","Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Vodafone Chair, Dresden, Germany","Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Vodafone Chair, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden cfAED, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Vodafone Chair, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965","https://openalex.org/I245417339"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Vodafone Chair, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I245417339","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080597344","display_name":"Frank J\u00fclicher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4731-9185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111875","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01bf9rw71","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210111875"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Julicher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden cfAED, Dresden, Germany","Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany","Max Planck institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden cfAED, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111875"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111875"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022117288","display_name":"Gerhard Fettweis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4622-1311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I245417339","display_name":"Vodafone (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/044qwkx83","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I245417339","https://openalex.org/I74316835"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"TU Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerhard Fettweis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden cfAED, Dresden, Germany","Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Vodafone Chair, Dresden, Germany","Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Vodafone Chair, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden cfAED, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Vodafone Chair, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965","https://openalex.org/I245417339"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Vodafone Chair, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I245417339","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020995785"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111875"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2042,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81958873,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.8125060796737671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6645517945289612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.648453950881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.4990222454071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21456733345985413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.1129072904586792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.8125060796737671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6645517945289612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.648453950881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.4990222454071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21456733345985413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.1129072904586792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2015.7248572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2015.7248572","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_2261168","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002A-163B-E","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118697779","https://openalex.org/W1495565530","https://openalex.org/W1876456565","https://openalex.org/W2023535408","https://openalex.org/W2029030701","https://openalex.org/W2062977416","https://openalex.org/W2089121898","https://openalex.org/W2102910500","https://openalex.org/W2103692532","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2130518506","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2168549392","https://openalex.org/W2171342189","https://openalex.org/W2171825402","https://openalex.org/W2294347919","https://openalex.org/W2320703891","https://openalex.org/W2346673062","https://openalex.org/W2476112607","https://openalex.org/W2483558913","https://openalex.org/W2605543710","https://openalex.org/W2773245636","https://openalex.org/W2788887112","https://openalex.org/W3106282754","https://openalex.org/W4210538530","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6629548095","https://openalex.org/W6722008352","https://openalex.org/W6736565160","https://openalex.org/W6746738173","https://openalex.org/W7074211153"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1576949837","https://openalex.org/W4360861688","https://openalex.org/W3134930219","https://openalex.org/W984417604","https://openalex.org/W2967785526","https://openalex.org/W2065391525","https://openalex.org/W4318711045","https://openalex.org/W2151251192","https://openalex.org/W1993045784"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"next-generation":[1],"wireless":[2,15],"networks,":[3],"massive":[4],"multiple-input":[5],"multiple-output":[6],"(MIMO)":[7],"promises":[8],"significant":[9],"performance":[10],"gains":[11],"compared":[12],"to":[13,27],"today's":[14],"communication":[16],"standards.":[17],"In":[18],"this":[19],"paper,":[20],"we":[21,74,95],"address":[22],"the":[23,29,77,81],"challenge":[24],"of":[25,32,64,84],"how":[26,76],"synchronize":[28],"carrier":[30],"signals":[31],"all":[33],"antenna":[34],"units":[35],"in":[36,54],"a":[37,61,103],"large":[38],"network.":[39],"We":[40],"show":[41,75],"that":[42,105],"mutually":[43,106],"coupled":[44,65],"digital":[45],"phase-locked":[46],"loops":[47],"(DPLLs)":[48],"can":[49,109],"enable":[50],"in-phase":[51],"synchronous":[52,112],"clocking":[53],"largescale":[55],"systems":[56],"with":[57],"transmission":[58,72],"delay.":[59],"Using":[60],"phase":[62],"model":[63],"DPLLs":[66,108],"including":[67],"signal":[68,71],"filtering":[69],"and":[70,80,97],"delays,":[73],"collective":[78],"frequency":[79],"time":[82],"scales":[83],"synchronization":[85],"depend":[86],"on":[87],"system":[88],"specifications.":[89],"To":[90],"test":[91],"our":[92],"theoretical":[93],"predictions,":[94],"designed":[96],"carried":[98],"out":[99],"experiments,":[100],"thereby":[101],"providing":[102],"proof-of-principle":[104],"delay-coupled":[107],"provide":[110],"self-organized":[111],"clocking.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}