{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2094552767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2014.6884024","title":"Robust BF in large-scale antenna systems with imperfect channel state information","display_name":"Robust BF in large-scale antenna systems with imperfect channel state information","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2094552767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2014.6884024","mag":"2094552767"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2014.6884024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2014.6884024","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100697981","display_name":"Min Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0296-436X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Min Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["PLA University of Science and Technology, Naniing, P.R. China","PLA Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PLA University of Science and Technology, Naniing, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PLA Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048031726","display_name":"Jian Ouyang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0631-947X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Ouyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Signal Processing and Transmission, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P.R. China","Inst. of Signal Process. & Transm., Nanjing Univ. of Posts & Telecommun., Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Signal Processing and Transmission, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Signal Process. & Transm., Nanjing Univ. of Posts & Telecommun., Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033247734","display_name":"Wei\u2010Ping Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Ping Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Signal Processing and Transmission, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P.R. China","Inst. of Signal Process. & Transm., Nanjing Univ. of Posts & Telecommun., Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Signal Processing and Transmission, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Signal Process. & Transm., Nanjing Univ. of Posts & Telecommun., Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056225611","display_name":"Yongming Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2545-2875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongming Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China","[College of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[College of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100697981"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13030699,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4466","last_page":"4471"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6460664868354797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6254812479019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.5898695588111877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.5811833143234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.537187933921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio","score":0.5326874852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.49755027890205383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.4874475300312042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4687516689300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.44666749238967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4366089105606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.42306411266326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-programming","display_name":"Quadratic programming","score":0.4167461097240448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.362265408039093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.3444936275482178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2420959174633026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23198240995407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.07558751106262207}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6460664868354797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6254812479019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.5898695588111877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.5811833143234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.537187933921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98824394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4035626","display_name":"Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio","level":3,"score":0.5326874852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.49755027890205383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.4874475300312042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4687516689300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.44666749238967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4366089105606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.42306411266326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81845259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290117","display_name":"Quadratic programming","level":2,"score":0.4167461097240448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.362265408039093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.3444936275482178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2420959174633026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23198240995407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.07558751106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2014.6884024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2014.6884024","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964357740","https://openalex.org/W1971443733","https://openalex.org/W1977207404","https://openalex.org/W2003264162","https://openalex.org/W2010992584","https://openalex.org/W2070856809","https://openalex.org/W2072275520","https://openalex.org/W2079587612","https://openalex.org/W2084304524","https://openalex.org/W2098212908","https://openalex.org/W2106993652","https://openalex.org/W2111395440","https://openalex.org/W2113168978","https://openalex.org/W2126769636","https://openalex.org/W2127297548","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2131577848","https://openalex.org/W2140288088","https://openalex.org/W2141915722","https://openalex.org/W2145417574","https://openalex.org/W2145486800","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2167568384","https://openalex.org/W3104532765","https://openalex.org/W3106282754"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088352174","https://openalex.org/W4286695888","https://openalex.org/W3084132786","https://openalex.org/W301676527","https://openalex.org/W4327661444","https://openalex.org/W2034991012","https://openalex.org/W1511904591","https://openalex.org/W1818073027","https://openalex.org/W2070177675","https://openalex.org/W2110793934"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"addresses":[2],"robust":[3,103,130],"beamforming":[4],"(BF)":[5],"design":[6],"for":[7,105,151],"the":[8,15,32,39,42,57,63,69,85,89,102,106,128,135,145,152,159,164],"uplink":[9],"transmission":[10],"of":[11,25,62,112,127,137,144,163],"wireless":[12,43,153],"networks,":[13],"where":[14],"base":[16],"station":[17],"(BS)":[18],"equipped":[19],"with":[20,28,155],"a":[21,93],"very":[22],"large":[23],"number":[24,136],"antennas":[26],"communicates":[27],"multiple":[29],"users":[30],"on":[31,38,134],"same":[33],"frequency":[34],"band":[35],"simultaneously.":[36],"Based":[37],"assumption":[40],"that":[41,71,143],"channels":[44],"undergo":[45],"correlated":[46],"Rayleigh":[47],"fading,":[48],"we":[49,87],"first":[50],"formulate":[51],"an":[52],"optimization":[53,90],"problem":[54,91],"to":[55,92],"maximize":[56],"output":[58],"signal-to-interference-plus-noise":[59],"ratio":[60],"(SINR)":[61],"intended":[64],"users.":[65],"Then,":[66],"by":[67,110],"using":[68],"fact":[70],"channel":[72,78,138],"uncertainty":[73],"is":[74,82,149],"norm-bounded":[75],"and":[76,100,161],"imperfect":[77],"state":[79],"information":[80],"(CSI)":[81],"available":[83],"at":[84],"BS,":[86],"transform":[88],"support":[94],"vector":[95,139],"machine":[96],"(SVM)":[97],"regression":[98],"one,":[99],"obtain":[101],"solution":[104],"BF":[107,131],"weight":[108],"vectors":[109],"means":[111],"quadratic":[113],"programming":[114],"(QP)":[115],"technique":[116],"or":[117],"iterative":[118],"reweighted":[119],"least":[120],"squares":[121],"(IRWLS)":[122],"procedure.":[123],"The":[124],"computational":[125],"cost":[126],"proposed":[129,165],"scheme":[132,167],"depends":[133],"samples":[140],"rather":[141],"than":[142],"antennas,":[146],"thus":[147],"it":[148],"suitable":[150],"systems":[154],"large-scale":[156],"antennas.":[157],"Finally,":[158],"efficiency":[160],"superiority":[162],"new":[166],"are":[168],"confirmed":[169],"through":[170],"computer":[171],"simulation.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}