{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124141564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2009.5199544","title":"Tri-Message: A Lightweight Time Synchronization Protocol for High Latency and Resource-Constrained Networks","display_name":"Tri-Message: A Lightweight Time Synchronization Protocol for High Latency and Resource-Constrained Networks","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124141564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2009.5199544","mag":"2124141564"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2009.5199544","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2009.5199544","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100751736","display_name":"Chen Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2710-7628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EIE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","[Department of EIE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EIE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of EIE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061448582","display_name":"Hongbo Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7372-2539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EIE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","[Department of EIE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EIE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of EIE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101848388","display_name":"Xiao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1490-3836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"X. Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, QUE, Canada","School of Computer Science, McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, QUE, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058913484","display_name":"Xu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7300-0200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"X. Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Engineering, ShangHai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","Department of Electronic and Engineering, ShangHai JiaoTong University, Shanghai"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Engineering, ShangHai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Engineering, ShangHai JiaoTong University, Shanghai","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100665053","display_name":"Wenyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4582-7488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EIE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","[Department of EIE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EIE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of EIE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045198105","display_name":"Y. Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7219-2478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EIE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","[Department of EIE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EIE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of EIE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100751736"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1829,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88721464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8008284568786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.7766804695129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.6670998334884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skew","display_name":"Skew","score":0.5833264589309692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-synchronization","display_name":"Clock synchronization","score":0.5705486536026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4923597574234009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.45747140049934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.4500659704208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4331902861595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-latency","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","score":0.41358494758605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10618260502815247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8008284568786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.7766804695129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.6670998334884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43711488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534783","display_name":"Skew","level":2,"score":0.5833264589309692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129891060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513059","display_name":"Clock synchronization","level":4,"score":0.5705486536026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4923597574234009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.45747140049934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4500659704208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4331902861595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.41358494758605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10618260502815247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2009.5199544","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2009.5199544","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519702585","https://openalex.org/W1983067931","https://openalex.org/W2094636498","https://openalex.org/W2098888469","https://openalex.org/W2105564986","https://openalex.org/W2105666891","https://openalex.org/W2118487515","https://openalex.org/W2123696099","https://openalex.org/W2124141564","https://openalex.org/W2143229717","https://openalex.org/W2159219540","https://openalex.org/W2170715240","https://openalex.org/W2283715726","https://openalex.org/W2432517183","https://openalex.org/W2981264952","https://openalex.org/W6631030699"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3205411230","https://openalex.org/W4286899009","https://openalex.org/W9168048","https://openalex.org/W4300849822","https://openalex.org/W4376480820","https://openalex.org/W3155891479","https://openalex.org/W3029351463","https://openalex.org/W2885352820","https://openalex.org/W4296591952","https://openalex.org/W4308600690"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"terrestrial":[1],"synchronization":[2,42,62,97],"protocols":[3],"including":[4],"RBS,":[5],"FTSP,":[6],"TPSN,":[7],"LTS":[8],"and":[9,47,76],"TSHL":[10],"have":[11],"already":[12],"achieved":[13],"high":[14,26,45],"precision":[15,98],"in":[16,25,60],"radio":[17],"networks,":[18],"but":[19],"none":[20],"of":[21,102],"them":[22],"perform":[23],"well":[24],"latency":[27,46,86],"networks":[28],"like":[29],"acoustic":[30],"sensor":[31],"networks.":[32,49],"In":[33],"this":[34],"paper,":[35],"we":[36],"present":[37],"tri-message:":[38],"a":[39],"lightweight":[40],"time":[41],"protocol":[43],"for":[44,82],"resource-constrained":[48],"As":[50],"its":[51],"name":[52],"suggests,":[53],"only":[54],"three":[55],"message":[56],"exchanges":[57],"are":[58],"required":[59],"one":[61],"process.":[63],"Meanwhile,":[64],"tri-message":[65,79],"utilizes":[66],"very":[67],"simple":[68],"mathematical":[69],"operations":[70],"to":[71],"calculate":[72],"the":[73,100],"clock":[74],"skew":[75],"offset.":[77],"Specially,":[78],"is":[80],"feasible":[81],"many":[83],"extremely":[84],"long":[85],"applications":[87],"such":[88],"as":[89],"space":[90],"exploration":[91],"because":[92],"it":[93],"has":[94],"an":[95],"increasing":[96],"with":[99],"increasement":[101],"distance.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T08:58:05.943551","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}