{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2148565596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2009.5199306","title":"Performance Analysis of Coherent Free Space Optical Communication Systems with K-Distributed Turbulence","display_name":"Performance Analysis of Coherent Free Space Optical Communication Systems with K-Distributed Turbulence","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2148565596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2009.5199306","mag":"2148565596"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2009.5199306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2009.5199306","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079715894","display_name":"Mingbo Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7514-3239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260628","display_name":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04241wz75","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045995606","display_name":"Julian Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6310-8236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260628","display_name":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04241wz75","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073680214","display_name":"Jonathan F. Holzman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-7317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260628","display_name":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04241wz75","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. F. Holzman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039887593","display_name":"Lowell T. McPhail","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260628","display_name":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04241wz75","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. McPhail","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.831,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86606574,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.8127783536911011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moment-generating-function","display_name":"Moment-generating function","score":0.702789843082428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moment","display_name":"Moment (physics)","score":0.5664551258087158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence","display_name":"Turbulence","score":0.5241998434066772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4791354835033417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keying","display_name":"Keying","score":0.47250115871429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.46553176641464233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4255068600177765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.4085295498371124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.39999863505363464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.3636831045150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.33809271454811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.32043951749801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2991715967655182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.27990633249282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.19299006462097168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.14334839582443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.06387889385223389}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.8127783536911011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101796028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535587","display_name":"Moment-generating function","level":3,"score":0.702789843082428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179254644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222844","display_name":"Moment (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5664551258087158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.5241998434066772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4791354835033417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398306","display_name":"Keying","level":2,"score":0.47250115871429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.46553176641464233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4255068600177765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.4085295498371124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.39999863505363464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3636831045150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33809271454811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32043951749801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2991715967655182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.27990633249282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.19299006462097168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.14334839582443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.06387889385223389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2009.5199306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2009.5199306","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26600685","https://openalex.org/W1480844783","https://openalex.org/W1968511305","https://openalex.org/W1982330753","https://openalex.org/W1996176293","https://openalex.org/W2031003059","https://openalex.org/W2048918631","https://openalex.org/W2088198064","https://openalex.org/W2088644768","https://openalex.org/W2097548040","https://openalex.org/W2099733532","https://openalex.org/W2109815475","https://openalex.org/W2116690606","https://openalex.org/W2131803714","https://openalex.org/W2154731148","https://openalex.org/W2157005274","https://openalex.org/W2158714612","https://openalex.org/W2164962185","https://openalex.org/W2169696250","https://openalex.org/W2213827293","https://openalex.org/W2227985529","https://openalex.org/W3008609509","https://openalex.org/W4205433324","https://openalex.org/W4230937717","https://openalex.org/W4240300385"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2785337709","https://openalex.org/W1489774986","https://openalex.org/W2138537484","https://openalex.org/W2554782124","https://openalex.org/W2166826179","https://openalex.org/W3160586848","https://openalex.org/W2353706040","https://openalex.org/W2731019566","https://openalex.org/W2752411808","https://openalex.org/W2051314689"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Error":[0],"performance":[1],"of":[2,17],"a":[3],"coherent":[4],"free":[5],"space":[6],"optical":[7],"system":[8],"with":[9,47],"K-distributed":[10,23],"turbulence":[11,24],"is":[12,25,32],"studied.":[13],"A":[14],"closed-form":[15],"expression":[16],"the":[18,28,36],"moment":[19,29,60],"generating":[20,30,61],"function":[21,31,62],"for":[22,40],"derived,":[26],"and":[27],"used":[33],"to":[34],"obtain":[35],"exact":[37],"error":[38,65],"rates":[39,66],"binary":[41],"phase":[42],"shift":[43],"keying":[44],"(BPSK),":[45],"BPSK":[46],"spatial":[48],"diversity,":[49],"as":[50,52],"well":[51],"differential":[53],"phase-shift":[54],"keying.":[55],"Based":[56],"on":[57],"our":[58],"analytical":[59],"expression,":[63],"asymptotic":[64],"in":[67],"large":[68],"signal-to-noise":[69],"ratio":[70],"regions":[71],"are":[72],"obtained.":[73]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}