{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2129949766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2009.5198829","title":"Coded Pulse-Position Modulation for Free-Space Optical Communications","display_name":"Coded Pulse-Position Modulation for Free-Space Optical Communications","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2129949766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2009.5198829","mag":"2129949766"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2009.5198829","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2009.5198829","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101718799","display_name":"Trung T. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6695-2034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. T. Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052549336","display_name":"Lutz Lampe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6583-1978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Lampe","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4530","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-position-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-position modulation","score":0.79222571849823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.673681378364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-code","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","score":0.6279692649841309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.6126784086227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.5797766447067261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noisy-channel-coding-theorem","display_name":"Noisy-channel coding theorem","score":0.571901798248291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation-diagram","display_name":"Constellation diagram","score":0.5222616791725159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5174563527107239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/figure-of-merit","display_name":"Figure of merit","score":0.512309193611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.47022294998168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.44334647059440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.4161057770252228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parity-bit","display_name":"Parity bit","score":0.4104142487049103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.40404212474823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.27589476108551025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","score":0.2512897849082947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2250809371471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.19793862104415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15953564643859863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-floor","display_name":"Error floor","score":0.1471274495124817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.11156728863716125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08724451065063477}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46035914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1767289","display_name":"Pulse-position modulation","level":5,"score":0.79222571849823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.673681378364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.6279692649841309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.6126784086227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5797766447067261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103073706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2345282","display_name":"Noisy-channel coding theorem","level":5,"score":0.571901798248291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185837786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782940","display_name":"Constellation diagram","level":4,"score":0.5222616791725159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5174563527107239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130277099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3676605","display_name":"Figure of merit","level":2,"score":0.512309193611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.47022294998168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.44334647059440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.4161057770252228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131521367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625502","display_name":"Parity bit","level":2,"score":0.4104142487049103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.40404212474823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.27589476108551025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.2512897849082947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2250809371471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.19793862104415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15953564643859863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46462455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5395712","display_name":"Error floor","level":4,"score":0.1471274495124817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.11156728863716125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08724451065063477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2009.5198829","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2009.5198829","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75108626","https://openalex.org/W198684942","https://openalex.org/W1217173793","https://openalex.org/W1494168133","https://openalex.org/W1964278867","https://openalex.org/W1964402820","https://openalex.org/W1989008275","https://openalex.org/W2036696237","https://openalex.org/W2045456583","https://openalex.org/W2060508168","https://openalex.org/W2098470405","https://openalex.org/W2105140927","https://openalex.org/W2112009132","https://openalex.org/W2114468914","https://openalex.org/W2122989348","https://openalex.org/W2123958913","https://openalex.org/W2138208223","https://openalex.org/W2142901448","https://openalex.org/W2145477533","https://openalex.org/W2145647341","https://openalex.org/W2154653258","https://openalex.org/W2157528496","https://openalex.org/W2159604024","https://openalex.org/W2175739537","https://openalex.org/W2295588265","https://openalex.org/W2341277784","https://openalex.org/W2970903405","https://openalex.org/W3048435446","https://openalex.org/W6603037595","https://openalex.org/W6608072073","https://openalex.org/W6628103080","https://openalex.org/W6681555636","https://openalex.org/W6781517963"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097094638","https://openalex.org/W2380299087","https://openalex.org/W2806845321","https://openalex.org/W2371199185","https://openalex.org/W1995335316","https://openalex.org/W2103435488","https://openalex.org/W3009741155","https://openalex.org/W2370273320","https://openalex.org/W2159312107","https://openalex.org/W2129949766"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multilevel":[0],"(Q-ary,":[1],"Q":[2],">":[3],"2)":[4],"pulse-position":[5],"modulation":[6,137],"(Q-PPM)":[7],"with":[8,27,108,123,138],"direct":[9],"detection":[10],"is":[11,30,65],"a":[12,59,66,144],"very":[13],"popular":[14],"transmission":[15],"method":[16],"for":[17,88],"power-efficient":[18],"free-space":[19],"optical":[20],"communication":[21],"systems.":[22],"The":[23],"combination":[24],"of":[25,46,69,98,134],"Q-PPM":[26,53,62,89],"error-control":[28],"coding":[29,49],"an":[31],"effective":[32],"means":[33],"to":[34,52,75,83],"further":[35],"improve":[36],"power":[37],"efficiency.":[38],"In":[39,55],"this":[40],"paper,":[41],"we":[42,57,73,101],"study":[43],"the":[44,47,95,129],"application":[45],"multilevel":[48],"(MLC)":[50],"paradigm":[51],"transmission.":[54],"particular,":[56],"devise":[58],"powerful":[60],"coded":[61,136],"scheme":[63],"which":[64,72,142],"simplified":[67],"version":[68],"MLC":[70,78,107],"and":[71,85],"refer":[74],"as":[76,94,132],"reduced-level":[77],"(RL-MLC).":[79],"We":[80],"show":[81],"how":[82],"design":[84,147],"optimize":[86],"RL-MLC":[87,122],"when":[90],"using":[91],"constellation-constrained":[92],"capacity":[93,118],"pertinent":[96],"figure":[97],"merit.":[99],"Furthermore,":[100],"provide":[102],"simulative":[103],"evidence":[104],"that":[105,133],"RL-":[106],"off-the-shelf":[109],"low-density":[110],"parity-check":[111],"codes":[112],"(LDPC)":[113],"closely":[114],"approaches":[115],"its":[116],"corresponding":[117],"limit.":[119],"For":[120],"64-PPM,":[121],"only":[124],"two":[125],"levels":[126],"achieves":[127],"practically":[128],"same":[130],"performance":[131],"bit-interleaved":[135],"iterative":[139],"decoding":[140],"(BICM-ID),":[141],"involves":[143],"more":[145],"difficult":[146],"procedure.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
