{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123965168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2005.1494580","title":"The \"Le\" interface: performance evaluation of 2-tier and 3-tier 3GPP compliant realizations","display_name":"The \"Le\" interface: performance evaluation of 2-tier and 3-tier 3GPP compliant realizations","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-08-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123965168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2005.1494580","mag":"2123965168"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2005.1494580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2005.1494580","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2005. ICC 2005. 2005","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2005.1494580","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019092685","display_name":"Sofia Kapellaki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174458059","display_name":"National Technical University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03cx6bg69","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Kapellaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Communications and Broadband Networks Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National and Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece","[Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Nat. Tech. Univ. of Athens, Greece]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Communications and Broadband Networks Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National and Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Nat. Tech. Univ. of Athens, Greece]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039512085","display_name":"Nikolaos D. Tselikas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5799-3558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174458059","display_name":"National Technical University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03cx6bg69","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Tselikas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Communications and Broadband Networks Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National and Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece","[Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Nat. Tech. Univ. of Athens, Greece]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Communications and Broadband Networks Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National and Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Nat. Tech. Univ. of Athens, Greece]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035645858","display_name":"Emmanuel S. Chaniotakis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174458059","display_name":"National Technical University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03cx6bg69","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Chaniotakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Communications and Broadband Networks Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National and Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece","[Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Nat. Tech. Univ. of Athens, Greece]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Communications and Broadband Networks Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National and Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Nat. Tech. Univ. of Athens, Greece]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072859056","display_name":"E. Koutsoloukas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174458059","display_name":"National Technical University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03cx6bg69","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Koutsoloukas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Communications and Broadband Networks Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National and Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece","[Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Nat. Tech. Univ. of Athens, Greece]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Communications and Broadband Networks Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National and Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Nat. Tech. Univ. of Athens, Greece]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051413059","display_name":"George N. Prezerakos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174458059","display_name":"National Technical University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03cx6bg69","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Prezerakos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Communications and Broadband Networks Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National and Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece","[Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Nat. Tech. Univ. of Athens, Greece]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Communications and Broadband Networks Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National and Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Nat. Tech. Univ. of Athens, Greece]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077094412","display_name":"Iakovos S. Venieris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3011-3746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174458059","display_name":"National Technical University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03cx6bg69","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I.S. Venieris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Communications and Broadband Networks Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National and Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece","[Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Nat. Tech. Univ. of Athens, Greece]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Communications and Broadband Networks Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National and Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Nat. Tech. Univ. of Athens, Greece]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1962,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49669855,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"1423","last_page":"1427"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10651","display_name":"IPv6, Mobility, Handover, Networks, Security","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12203","display_name":"Mobile Agent-Based Network Management","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8092712759971619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middleware","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","score":0.7188575267791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.6579858064651489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.613422691822052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-object-request-broker-architecture","display_name":"Common Object Request Broker Architecture","score":0.5824743509292603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.48284274339675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-interface","display_name":"Air interface","score":0.45769768953323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-programming-interface","display_name":"Application programming interface","score":0.45244285464286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-service","display_name":"Web service","score":0.44449788331985474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4358968436717987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.43045246601104736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soap","display_name":"SOAP","score":0.43024203181266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.42947983741760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.13648062944412231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.12569206953048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.12313303351402283}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8092712759971619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169468491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146923","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","level":2,"score":0.7188575267791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.6579858064651489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.613422691822052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691593","display_name":"Common Object Request Broker Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5824743509292603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.48284274339675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776362087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455112","display_name":"Air interface","level":3,"score":0.45769768953323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99613125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165194","display_name":"Application programming interface","level":2,"score":0.45244285464286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35578498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193424","display_name":"Web service","level":2,"score":0.44449788331985474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4358968436717987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.43045246601104736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17881449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189620","display_name":"SOAP","level":2,"score":0.43024203181266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.42947983741760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.13648062944412231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.12569206953048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.12313303351402283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2005.1494580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2005.1494580","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2005. ICC 2005. 2005","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lib.ntua.gr:123456789/31482","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2005.1494580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196837","display_name":"DSpace - NTUA (National Technical University of Athens)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I174458059","host_organization_name":"National Technical University of Athens","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lib.ntua.gr:123456789/31482","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2005.1494580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196837","display_name":"DSpace - NTUA (National Technical University of Athens)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I174458059","host_organization_name":"National Technical University of Athens","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Communications","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562983367","https://openalex.org/W2006427429","https://openalex.org/W2092699579","https://openalex.org/W2156916299","https://openalex.org/W2293982609"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521693992","https://openalex.org/W2171577968","https://openalex.org/W2376449037","https://openalex.org/W4234113285","https://openalex.org/W1582282797","https://openalex.org/W2387503248","https://openalex.org/W2371019246","https://openalex.org/W2380522102","https://openalex.org/W1976700319","https://openalex.org/W2363240707"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Location-based":[0],"services":[1],"(LBS)":[2],"constitute":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,29,51,72,79,91,113,119,129,133,142],"the":[6,16,26,49,56,61,69,88,111,120,127,130,139,143],"most":[7],"attractive":[8],"services'":[9],"categories":[10],"for":[11,19,109],"cellular":[12],"networks.":[13],"3GPP":[14,58],"defines":[15],"\"Le\"":[17,52],"interface":[18,53],"external":[20],"LBS":[21],"provision":[22],"and":[23,34,37,68,102],"access":[24],"to":[25,42,55,87],"core":[27],"network":[28],"mobile":[30,62],"operators.":[31],"Multiple":[32],"proprietary":[33],"commercial":[35],"protocols":[36],"APIs":[38],"can":[39],"be":[40],"used":[41],"implement":[43],"this":[44],"interface.":[45],"The":[46,77,117],"paper":[47],"examines":[48],"realization":[50],"according":[54],"proposed":[57],"standards,":[59],"namely":[60],"location":[63],"protocol":[64],"(MLP)":[65],"over":[66,105],"HTTP":[67],"mobility":[70,89],"API":[71,90],"OSA/Parlay":[73,115],"using":[74],"middleware":[75,98],"technologies.":[76],"performance":[78,112,124],"both":[80],"approaches":[81],"is":[82],"evaluated.":[83],"Furthermore,":[84],"with":[85],"respect":[86],"OSA/Parlay,":[92],"three":[93],"implementations,":[94],"based":[95],"on":[96],"respective":[97],"technologies":[99],"(CORBA,":[100],"RMI":[101],"Web":[103],"Services":[104],"SOAP),":[106],"are":[107],"examined,":[108],"evaluating":[110],"each":[114,134],"gateway.":[116],"results":[118],"experiments":[121],"provide":[122],"useful":[123],"indicators":[125],"concerning":[126],"efficiency":[128],"internal":[131],"architecture":[132],"implementation":[135],"as":[136,138],"well":[137],"anticipated":[140],"speed":[141],"user-service":[144],"interaction.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}